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History of Chairs - Module 1 > Arts and Crafts Era > Flashcards

Arts and Crafts Era Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the other International Expositions?

A
  • New York Crystal Palace 1853
  • “Exhibition of the Industry of all Nation”
  • “Cotton States and International Exposition” Atlanta 1895
  • Paris Universal Exposotion in 1855. Also, 1867, 1878, 1889
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2
Q

Where and when was the World’s Fair Held? Number of attendants? Number of Exhibitors?

A
  • Paris
  • May to Ocotober 1889
  • 32 million visitors
  • 61,000 exhibitors
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3
Q

What was the entrance to the world fair and who was it designed by? Who were the senior engineers? Who was the architect

A
  • Gustav Eiffel
  • Maurice Koechlin & Emile Nouguler
  • Stephen Sauvestre
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4
Q

What was the Eiffel Tower made of and why did they choose that material? How many rivets?

A
  • Iron
  • Resistance and lightness of iron
  • 2.5 million
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5
Q

What was the timeline for the construction of the Eiffel Tower?

A

January 1887 - March 1889

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6
Q

What were the dimensions of the Eiffel Tower?

A
  • 300 meters to top platform
  • 81 story building
  • Base square is 125 meters on each side
  • 72 names of french scientists and engineers were inscribed on the side
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7
Q

When were elevators installed and what kind?

A
  • Installed hydraulic elevators in 1889
  • The only one of its type in the world at the time
  • Traction lift
  • Powered by water pressure
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8
Q

What was the Hall of Machines?

A
  • Iron super structure and glass, modular system
  • Larger than the crystal palace
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9
Q

What was the Arts and Crafts movement? and who started it? When was it? Where?

A
  • William Morris
  • 1880s in Great Britain
  • Combination of Victorian and IR
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10
Q

Who started the Arts and crafts movement in the US?

A
  • Gustav Stickley
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11
Q

What are William Morris’s Sayings?

A
  • “Democratizing of design”
  • “art should be by the people and for the people”
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12
Q

What company did William Morris run? and what did the company make?

A
  • Morris and Company
  • stick furniture
  • upholstery fabric and wall paper
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13
Q

What are “stick furniture” ?

A
  • Individually handcrafted, no machine-made
  • made of dowels
  • simple lines
  • Absence of ornament
  • focus on function
  • lightweight
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14
Q

What did Morris look to achieve in his wallpaper?

A
  • “nature domesticated”
  • “nature idealize”
  • Nature is not chaotic it is patternized or “idealized”
  • Symmetrical, balanced, and repetative
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15
Q

Compare the Victorian to the British Arts and Crafts Movement

A

Victorian
- Individually handcrafted
- Ornate
- Focus on decorative
British Arts and Crafts Movement
- Individually handcrafted
- Simplistic
- Focused on function

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16
Q

What magazine did Gustav Stickley found?

A

The Craftsman

17
Q

What were some of the characteristics of the chair the Gustav Stickley crafted? When was it made?

A
  • 1902
  • All handmade
  • no nails only wooden pegs and tongue and groove connections
  • used American Tiger Oak
  • fumed with Ammovia to give it a dark finish but not too dark
18
Q

What was Stickley’s saying about materials?

A
  • “Truth to materials”
19
Q

What inspiration did Stickley get from California?

A
  • Traveled to California
  • Toured the old Spanish missions and their harmony with their surroundings
  • Furniture in a mission in san jan de Capistrano
  • Very simple
20
Q

What were some of the characteristics of the of the sofa Stickley designed?

A
  • All handmade rather than machine made
  • No nails
  • American tiger woods
  • Fumed with ammonia
  • Truth to materials
21
Q

What philisophical movement influenced the Arts and Crafts Movement?

A
  • Transcendentalism
  • “Return to Nature?
  • American - Core beliefs was the idea of an ideal spiritual state where one is in harmony with nature
22
Q

Who were some famous Transcendentalists?

A

Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau

23
Q

Who was Henry David Thoreau?

A

1817 - 1882
- American author, poet, naturalist, historian, philosopher
- interested in idea of “survival”
- living in natural surrounding
- natural materials taken from the natural environment

History of Chairs - Module 1 (3 decks)

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