Arts and Crafts Era Flashcards
What were the other International Expositions?
- New York Crystal Palace 1853
- “Exhibition of the Industry of all Nation”
- “Cotton States and International Exposition” Atlanta 1895
- Paris Universal Exposotion in 1855. Also, 1867, 1878, 1889
Where and when was the World’s Fair Held? Number of attendants? Number of Exhibitors?
- Paris
- May to Ocotober 1889
- 32 million visitors
- 61,000 exhibitors
What was the entrance to the world fair and who was it designed by? Who were the senior engineers? Who was the architect
- Gustav Eiffel
- Maurice Koechlin & Emile Nouguler
- Stephen Sauvestre
What was the Eiffel Tower made of and why did they choose that material? How many rivets?
- Iron
- Resistance and lightness of iron
- 2.5 million
What was the timeline for the construction of the Eiffel Tower?
January 1887 - March 1889
What were the dimensions of the Eiffel Tower?
- 300 meters to top platform
- 81 story building
- Base square is 125 meters on each side
- 72 names of french scientists and engineers were inscribed on the side
When were elevators installed and what kind?
- Installed hydraulic elevators in 1889
- The only one of its type in the world at the time
- Traction lift
- Powered by water pressure
What was the Hall of Machines?
- Iron super structure and glass, modular system
- Larger than the crystal palace
What was the Arts and Crafts movement? and who started it? When was it? Where?
- William Morris
- 1880s in Great Britain
- Combination of Victorian and IR
Who started the Arts and crafts movement in the US?
- Gustav Stickley
What are William Morris’s Sayings?
- “Democratizing of design”
- “art should be by the people and for the people”
What company did William Morris run? and what did the company make?
- Morris and Company
- stick furniture
- upholstery fabric and wall paper
What are “stick furniture” ?
- Individually handcrafted, no machine-made
- made of dowels
- simple lines
- Absence of ornament
- focus on function
- lightweight
What did Morris look to achieve in his wallpaper?
- “nature domesticated”
- “nature idealize”
- Nature is not chaotic it is patternized or “idealized”
- Symmetrical, balanced, and repetative
Compare the Victorian to the British Arts and Crafts Movement
Victorian
- Individually handcrafted
- Ornate
- Focus on decorative
British Arts and Crafts Movement
- Individually handcrafted
- Simplistic
- Focused on function
What magazine did Gustav Stickley found?
The Craftsman
What were some of the characteristics of the chair the Gustav Stickley crafted? When was it made?
- 1902
- All handmade
- no nails only wooden pegs and tongue and groove connections
- used American Tiger Oak
- fumed with Ammovia to give it a dark finish but not too dark
What was Stickley’s saying about materials?
- “Truth to materials”
What inspiration did Stickley get from California?
- Traveled to California
- Toured the old Spanish missions and their harmony with their surroundings
- Furniture in a mission in san jan de Capistrano
- Very simple
What were some of the characteristics of the of the sofa Stickley designed?
- All handmade rather than machine made
- No nails
- American tiger woods
- Fumed with ammonia
- Truth to materials
What philisophical movement influenced the Arts and Crafts Movement?
- Transcendentalism
- “Return to Nature?
- American - Core beliefs was the idea of an ideal spiritual state where one is in harmony with nature
Who were some famous Transcendentalists?
Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau
Who was Henry David Thoreau?
1817 - 1882
- American author, poet, naturalist, historian, philosopher
- interested in idea of “survival”
- living in natural surrounding
- natural materials taken from the natural environment
