French and Napolean mini test Flashcards
Robespierre
-Was a politician
-His Selflessness and dedication towards the Revolution earned him the name “The incorruptible”
-Although his enemies called him a tyrant
-He explained that the Reign of terror was necessary to protect the Revolution
-Robespierre was the man who had led the Reign of terror killing over 17,000 and Arresting 30,000 people in France for going against the “Revolution”
-Some of these people were Clergy men, nobles, peasants, sans-culottes, and even middle class citizens that once supported the Revolution
-Many were victims and falsely accused
-Many died from disease in Prison
-Guillotine was a more human and fats blaiding way of beheading
–Robespierre was then arrested in July 1794 and the next day he was executed the next day
Third estate
-The most diverse group
-Called the bourgeoisie
-Included bankers, professors, merchants, manufacturers, lawyers, doctors, and journalists
-Rural peasants; land owners who hired workers, day laborers, or farmers
-Urban workers such as apprentices, journeymen, anyone whom worked in the printing or clothes industry
-Lived poorly and would turn to begging, or crime to survive
Guerilla warfare
guerrilla warfare, also spelled guerilla warfare, type of warfare fought by irregulars in fast-moving, small-scale actions against orthodox military and police forces and, on occasion, against rival insurgent forces, either independently or in conjunction with a larger political-military strategy.Mar 10, 2023
Reign of Terror
-There were threats towards France
-To defend them from threats France created the committee of Public safety
-There were 12 members that almost had absolutism
-They encouraged men to go to war and women to serve as nurses
-They led them into victory from the Netherlands, invaded Italy, and crushed home peasant revolts by showing the young men battle tactics
-Then Robespierre came in and lead the Reign of terror which were a series of events in which those who were accused of a crime against the Revolution were executed or died arrested
Guillotine
Guillotine was a more human and fats blaiding way of beheading
National Assembly
-The National Assembly was a revolutionary assembly made by representatives of the third estate
-On August 4 there was a meeting on ending their own privileges
-They agreed to give their old manorial duties, special legal status, exclusive hunting rights, and exemption from taxes
-This soon became law and all men were to be treated with equality
-In late august the national assembly made the declarations of the right of a man
-Liberty, Fraternity, equality
-Excluded women
-Olympe de Gouges spoke against this
-Louis XVI kept enjoying this lavish life
-The king and Queen were executed
Marie Antoinette
-Marie had married Louis XVI it was a form of peace between Austria and France
-Her Mother was Maria Teresa of Austria
-She was known for spending extravagantly after she married Louis XVI, meanwhile those from the third estate were starving
-She was known as the queen of debt
Louis XVI
-The king of France and married to Mary Antoinette
-He literally did not do anything he hunted more than he ruled
-Him and his wife spend an extravagant amount which was the Third estate’s money
-They had feld to paris after the rage outside of the palace although they were captured and executed; their children had died
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
-The Declaration was made by the national assembly giving up their noble rights
-It allowed a man not be treasoned without reason or evidence, and it gave equality to men
-The declarations of Right of a man was ignored by Luois XVI which what upset people and why they revolted
Know all the Estates
-First estate: Clergy- enjoyed enormous amount of wealth and privilege
-Church people owned 10 percent of land
-Second Estate: titled noble of French Society
Louis XIV
-Spend a lot of money in luxeries
-They had to borrow to pay the debt they had from the 7 year war
- He had to raise Taxes to pay off the debt; although he was convinced by the nobility not to tax them but the third estate instead
-Brought the power down from the nobility by giving them higher ranking nobles if they served them in the morning
Situation in France pre Revolution
-Economic Crisis
-There was an extreme amount of spending by the higher estates meanwhile the Third estate was left hungry and having to not only pay their luxuries but their debt as well.
-The debt became so overwhelming that they had to resort to raising taxes although the nobility did not want this to happen; this burden was left the third estate
-The National Assembly decided to give up their rights and the rights of the nobles by declaring them all equal in the rights of the Man
-Louis XVI did not agree with the reform and kept spending until he had to flee with his wife but was soon captured and executed
Scorched-earth policy( war tactic)
-Russia had moved eastward to prevent battle with Russia a,though as they moved wastward they had burned crops, and villages; this left the french cold and hungry when the winter came
Post Napoleonic Europe
Napolean’s legend lived on in France and all over the world
-After his death there was more right about property, equality, and access to education made in France
-He sparked nationalist feelings across the world
-It even inspired the Declaration of indepence in the U.s
Jacobins
-The jacobins were a club of men who were known to be apart of the reign of terror
-It was a club started by Robespierre
-They really did nothing they just followed what Robespierre did lol
