Freedom Fighters Flashcards
Sojourner Truth
1797-1883 former slave from NY - Abolitionist y women’s rights activist - Famous speech “Ain’t I A Woman?” (1851) - Won court case against white man to free son from slavery - Recruited black Union soldiers in Civil War
Cesar Chavez
1927-1993 American from AZ - Farm worker, labor leader, civil rights activist - Founded United Farm Workers union - Icon for organized labor y leftist politics - Birthday 3/31 state holiday in CA, TX, y CO
Harriet Tubman
1822-1913 born Araminta Ross into slavery in Maryland - Afr-American abolitionist, humanitarian, y Union spy - Escaped slavery, and helped rescue approx 70 friends y family through Underground Railroad
Frederick Douglass
1818-1895 from Maryland - Abolitionist orator, writer, and statesman - Escaped slavery in 1838 - Wrote Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave (1845); My Bondage and My Freedom (1855)
William Lloyd Garrison
1805-1879 American abolitionist from MA - Editor of the newspaper The Liberator - Founder of the American Anti-Slavery Society - Later worked for woman suffrage
Theodor Herzl
1860-1904 Austro-Hungarian activist y writer - One of the fathers of modern political Zionism - Formed the World Zionist Org. y promoted Jewish migration to Palestine in an effort to form a Jewish state - “If you will it, it is no dream.” from The Old New Land (1902 - entitled “Tel Aviv” in Hebrew)
Emiliano Zapata
1879-1919 Mexican revolutionary leader - Leader of peasant revolution in Morelos state (S Central) - Fought for agricultural land reform - Helped defeat Pres. Porfirio Diaz in Mex Rev - Started reform Plan of Ayala - Killed in ambush by Pres. Carranza’s forces - Zapatista successors gained power in 1920’s
Malcolm X (Malcolm Little / el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz)
1925-65 Afr-American Muslim leader y human rights activist - Joined Nation of Islam while in jail, becoming influential leader - Promoted black supremacy, separation of black y white Americans, y rejected civil rights movement - Assassinated by Nation of Islam after leaving y denouncing them
Sergey Kirov
1886-1934 Prominent early Bolshevik leader in USSR - Very popular, rose through the party ranks to become head of Leningrad (St Petersburg) party org - Assassinated by Stalin’s men, then “avenging him” was used as a reason for Stalin’s purges - Namesake of Kirov Ballet y several Russian towns
Raoul Wallenberg
1912-1945 Swedish diplomat y architect - Served as Swedish envoy in Budapest, y saved tens of thousands of Jews from Holocaust - Captured by KGB y disappeared - Made an honorary US Citizen (2nd ever after Churchill), y awarded Congressional Gold Medal - Many monuments worldwide
W(illiam) E(dward) B(urghardt) Du Bois
1868-1963 Afr-American civil rights activist, sociologist, y Pan-Africanist from MA - 1st Afr-American to earn Harvard doctorate - Co-founded NAACP in 1909 y started its magazine The Crisis - Wrote The Souls of Black Folk (1903-essays); Black Reconstruction in America (1935) - Ardent socialist y peace activist
Booker T(aliaferro) Washington
1856-1915 Afr-American educator y civil rights leader - Established the Tuskegee Institute in 1881 - Proposed the Atlanta Compromise in 1895 which said Southern blacks would work y submit to white rule, while Southern whites guaranteed that blacks would receive basic education y due process in law - Opposed by Du Bois
Marcus Garvey
1887-1940 Jamaican political leader - Proponent of Pan-Africanism - Founded the Universal Negro Improvement Assoc. y African Communities League (1914) - Established the Black Star Line (1919-22) for shipping goods y settlers as part of the Back-to-Africa movement
Stokely Carmichael (Kwame Ture)
1941-1998 Trinidadian-American civil rights activist - Chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC - 1966-67) - Early leader of the Black Power movement, y the Black Panther Party - Supporter of Pan-Africanism, y moved to Guinea in 1968, where he worked with the All-African People’s Revolutionary Party (A-APRP)
