Free-Standing Sculpture Flashcards
When was the New York Kouros made?
610 BC
What is the size of the New York Kouros?
Roughly life size
What is the New York Kouros made out of?
Marble
Which statue(s) is the New York Kouros similar to?
Egyptian Kouros, Anavyssos Kouros
What is the New York Kouros’ pose like?
- Stiff, upright pose with level features
- Left leg forward (but not enough to make hips uneven)
- Looking straight ahead - frontal
- Unnatural pose - but makes you focus on the patterns in the body
- Traditional kouros pose
What is the New York Kouros’ anatomy like?
- Incorrect proportions (e.g. head too big)
- Unnatural muscles - patterns - sharp lines
- Triangular face - large eyes - harsh transition between visual planes
- Hair = extremely stylised bead pattern - symmetrical ribbon
- Not naturalistic, but still beautiful
- Repeated patterns/symmetry (shallow W of pectorals & collar bone, V of diaphragm & pelvis, eyelid and eyebrow etc)
When was the Berin Goddess made?
570 - 560 BC
What is the Berlin Goddess made out of?
Marble
Which statue(s) is the Berlin Goddess similar to?
Peplos Kore
What is the pose of the Berlin Goddess like?
- Rigid pose - feet together, looking straight ahead
- Arms aren’t parallel (one tucked into cloak, one holding pomegranate) - slightly breaks visual planes
- More animated arms
- Unrealistically rigid pose
What is the anatomy of the Berlin Goddess like?
- Hourglass figure, but not defined breasts
- Naturalistic feet
- Long neck and broad shoulders
- Head is too small for body (eyes too small and bug-eyed, archaic smile, nose and ears too big, deep and tall head)
- Some areas are naturalistic, some aren’t
- Head does look very strange
What is the Berlin Goddess’ drapery like?
- Dress with cloak - stylised, uses defined lines
- On her back the catenary folds of the cloak contrasts with the vertical dress (contributes to hourglass)
- Also wears earrings, a necklace, and a hat
- Back is more realistic and effective than front
What is the Berlin Goddess’ hair like?
- Symmetrical, stylised
- Plait, headband, and hat
- Heavy and tall
- Not naturalistic, looks stuck onto her head
When was the Anavyssos Kouros made?
530 BC
Which statue(s) is the Anavyssos Kouros similar to?
New York Kouros, Kritios Boy
What is the Anavyssos Kouros’ pose like?
- Traditional kouroi pose - standing upright, arms by side, even weight distribution, left leg forwards, facing front
- Too stiff, not very natural
What is the Anavyssos Kouros’ anatomy like?
- More rounded and fleshy than previous. Well proportioned
- Muscles are more subtle (as is the symmetry)
- Really long shoulder blades on back
- Archaic smile
- Stylised hair (bead-like symmetry) - hasn’t improved
- Too rounded? Womanly?
- More naturalistic
What is the Anavyssos Kouros made out of?
Marble
When was the Peplos Kore made?
540 - 530 BC
What is the Peplos Kore made out of?
Marble
Which statue(s) is the Peplos Kore similar to?
Berlin Goddess
What is Peplos Kore’s pose like?
- Rigid, straight back, feet together, looking straight ahead
- Right arm by side, left is bent and extended towards the viewer (holding something) - interaction
- Level hips
- Rigid pose brought to life by animated face
- Left arm breaks visual plae and adds interaction (suggests she is thinking something)
What is the anatomy of the Peplos Kore like?
- Realistically proportioned
- Face is alive - soft and warm (archaic smile, symmetrical)
- Hair falls with natural movement (responds to figure) - it is still symmetrical but it isn’t a single block
- Animated face adds life and thought
- Naturalistic
What is the Peplos Kore’s drapery like?
- Peplos (sleeveless, folds at waist) with Chiton (logn sleeves) underneath
- Basically two blocks
- Would have been painted (can see traces of pattern)
- Top shows her figure, bottom half falls more vertically
- Fairly naturalistic - can see figure, and the overfold at her waist
When was Kritios Boy made?
499 - 475 BC
Which material was Kritios Boy made out of?
Marble
Which statue(s) is Kritios Boy similar to?
Anavyssos Kouros, Riace Bronzes
What is the pose of Kritios Boy like?
- Similar to kouroi pose but more relaxed
- Frontal pose, asymmetrical, head slightly tilted to side
- Weight on back leg, right leg is slightly forward (hips aren’t level)
- More relaxed - more naturalistic and alive
What is Kritios Boy’s anatomy like?
- Not much muscle (as he’s a boy)
- Delicately carved - beautiful
- No archaic smile
- Face isn’t well proportioned
- Long hair is wrapped around head - scalp has individually carved strands - wisps on back of neck
- Eyes made separately and painted
- Naturalistic body (but face and hair are less reliastic)
When were the Tyrannicides made?
477/6 BC
What are the Tyrannicides made out of?
Bronze
Who sculpted the Tyrannicides?
Kritios and Nesiotes
Who sculpted Kritios Boy?
Kritios
Who are the Tyrannicides?
Aristogeiton (older) and Harmodius (younger) - called the Tyrannicides as they killed a tyrant
Which statue(s) are the Tyrannicides similar to?
The Riace Bronzes
What is the pose of the Tyrannicides like?
- In action - charging forwards with torsos turned slightly to the side
- Arms otustretched and legs wide
- Harmodius (right) is youger and more rashly rushing forwards
- Aristogeiton (left) is more mature and cautios - uses his cloak for protection
- Dynamic and engaging
- Very good portrayal of age and temprament (not just body types - also character)
What is the anatomy of the Tyrannicides like?
- Well proportioned
- Aristogeiton has more pronounced calf and thigh muscles as he is older
- Faces are also age-dependant (Ar has beard, Ha has a more rounded and youthful face)
- Naturalistic and shows age well
What is the drapery of the Tyrannicides like?
Aristogeiton holds a cloak for protection - it is well carved
When was the Delphi Charioteer made?
480 - 470 BC
What is the Delphi Charioteer made out of?
Bronze
What is important to note when evaluating the Delphi Charioteer?
It was part of a group piece with large horses - it wasn’t designed to be displayed as a single figure and so should not be evaluated as one.
What is the pose of the Delphi Charioteer like?
- Restrainted - upright, holding reins of a chariot, slightly relaxed
- Head turned slightly to side and body turned slightly in the other direction (spiral)
- Boring pose (but it was part of a group piece)
What is the anatomy of the Delphi Charioteer like?
- High waistline
- Face is animated and naturalistic - framed by curly naturalistic hair (realistic headband too)
- Naturalistic and detailed feet and hands
What is the drapery of the Delphi Charioteer like?
- Top has folds with form, but bottom folds are vertical and motionless (not naturalistic)
- Wearing a tunic with a belt and straps over shoulders
- Reins are beautifully carved and realistic
Who is the Delphi Charioteer dedicated to?
Apollo
When was Artemisium Zeus made?
475 - 450 BC
Who might Artemisium Zeus portray and why can’t we tell?
Would be identified by what is in his hand (lost)
- Zeus (thunderbolt)
- Poseidon (trident)
- Athlete (javelin)
What is Artemisium Zeus made out of?
Bronze
What is the pose of Artemisium Zeus like?
- In action of throwing
- Trailing foot is slightly off the ground, weight is on the front leg (bent)
- Arms and legs are outstretched - uses space fully and creates a powerful, dynamic pose
- Front arm outstretched for balance
- Head turned and torso stretched slightly
- Small point on rear foot - couldn’t do that with marble (fully exploits bronze)
What is the anatomy of Artemisium Zeus like?
- Fairly naturalisitic and well proportioned
- Muscular torso and thighs
- Hands and feet are well carved
- Can see ribs (realisitic)
- Well proportioned face but lips aren’t parted and eyebrows aren’t realistic (face isn’t active)
- Should the torso be more stretched?
When were the Riace Bronzes made?
475 - 450 BC
Which material are the Riace Bronzes made out of?
Bronze
Teeth = silver Nipples = copper
What are the poses of the Riace Bronzes like?
- Pair standing in a fluid, relaxed pose - standing, holding shields and weapons
- Asymmetrical - hips and shoulders aren’t level (contraposto)
- Right arm relaxed, left is tense (holding shield)
- Weight is on right leg, left is relaxed and bent
- Heads are significantly turned to the side
- Doesn’t look good from all angles
- Naturalistic