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Classics Art And Architecture A level > Free standing males Archaic Period > Flashcards

Free standing males Archaic Period Flashcards

1
Q

When was the archaic period

A

650 bc - 490 bc

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2
Q

What do you call male youths plural

A

Kouroi

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3
Q

What do you call a make youth statue singular

A

Kouros

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4
Q

What is a cult statue ?

A

Representation of a god

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5
Q

What is a votive statue

A

Offering to a god

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6
Q

What is a funerary statue

A

Grave marker

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7
Q

Briefly outline how marble statues are made

A

Quarry the block of marble

Draw figure of statue in all four sides

Sculpture carves the marble which results in a free standing statue

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8
Q

Outline the kouros pose

A

Left foot forward
Hands straight down to sides
Weight evenly distributed across both hips
Stares straight ahead

Rigid and unnatural !

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9
Q

Which 2 reasons were there for adapting the kouros pose

A

1 - limits with material of low tensile strength I.e marble
Limbs unextended was necessary for the material used as extended arms would have resulted in them falling off
Kouros pose - preserve statue

2- difficulties with foreshortening
Kouros pose enabled straight forward drawings

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10
Q

List the kouroi in order

A

New York Kouros

Delphi twins and sounion kouros

Anavyssos kouros and Piraeus Apollo

Aristodokos kouros

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11
Q

Which statue is made of bronze

A

Piraeus Apollo

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12
Q

Which Kouroi are funerary ?

Is this certain ?

A

New York Kouros - probably funerary. It is unclear

Anavyssos kouros - defo funerary
Has inscription identifying person and cause of death

Aristodokos kouros - defo funerary
Has inscription identifying him

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13
Q

Which Kouroi are arguably cult statues

Why ?

A

Sounion Kouros
It is 3m high

Piraeus Apollo
Objects of bowl and hand which looks like it would be carrying a bow may indicate a depiction of Apollo

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14
Q

Which kouros is arguably votive ?

A

Delphi twins - probably. It is unclear

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15
Q

Briefly outline how to make a bronze statue ?

Which statue in the archaic period is bronze ?

A

Lost wax method

Build up statue out of clay (rather than chip away) - easier to add detail
Cover clay in wax
Add more clay with hole at top
Add bronze which melts wax

Piraeus Apollo

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16
Q

What is the method used to make bronze statues called

A

Lost wax method

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17
Q

List all the males from the archaic period in order

A

New York Kouros

Sounion
Delphi twins

Anavyssos
Piraeus Apollo

Aristodikos

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18
Q

Which sculpture made the Delphi twins

A

Polymedes of Argos

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19
Q

What does the naked young male form depicted in the archaic period suggest about society ?

A

It is a Pederastic society

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20
Q

Describe the proportions on the New York Kouros

A

Broad shoulders narrow waist

Large facial features

Undermines realism b

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21
Q

What is the symmetry on the New York Kouros ?

What does this indicate ?

A

Unrealistic harshly incised muscle lines
On front and back
Collar bone and breasts
Ribs

Shows the Greek’s interest in symmetry
Projects idealised form of male youth

22
Q

Describe the hair on New York Kouros

A

Headband
Satisfyingly even hair looks similar to plaits or dreadlocks
No movement so unrealistic
Egyptian influence

23
Q

When was the New York Kouros made

A

610-600

BC

24
Q

What are the Delphi twins called

A

Kleobis and Biton

25
Q

Why do the Delphi twins have a bulkier aesthetic ?

A

They were made in Argos and different Poleis have different aesthetics

26
Q

Which statues are a little over life size

A

New York Kouros

Delphi twins

27
Q

Which statues are lifesize ?

What does this suggest about progression of the archaic period ?

A

Anavyssos kouros
Piraeus Apollo
Aristodikos

The height of the statues in the later archaic period being lifesize reflects the emphasis on realism in the later archaic period

28
Q

How do the Delphi twins differ from the New York Kouros ?

A

No volute ears
Less harshly incised lines
There are two of them
Bulkier aesthetic
Less obvious block in sticking arm to body showing finer detail
Slightly differentiated statues
REPRESENTS ACTUAL IDEALISED INDIVIDUALS RATHER THAN ANONYMOUS IDEALISED KOUROS

29
Q

What problems do the Delphi twins still face ?

4

A

Hair is still long braided and does not show weight and is unrealistic

Kouros pose undermining realism

Lines indicating muscle

Material of low tensile strength

30
Q

When were the Delphi twins made ?

A

580 bc

31
Q

Briefly outline Herodotus’ story of Delphi twins

A

Wise man Solon described them as happiest men he had ever seen

Died after carrying mother in chariot, physically demonstrating strength to the community at the peak of their health and virtue

32
Q

When was the sounion Kouros made

A

580 Bc

33
Q

How does the sounion Kouros differ from the previous Kouroi?

A

It’s massive (3m+)
Attempt at conveying realistic leg muscles
Larger gap between body and arms showing a more daring sculpture

34
Q

How is the sounion Kouros similar to the previous Kouroi ?

- why does it still struggle to depict realism ?

A

Unrealistic facial features
Especially large eyes and volute ears (like New York Kouros )

Hair !
Fringe of curls( like Delphi )
Unrealistic

Kouros pose
Undermines realism

Harsh incised lines for muscles
(Symmetry in chest also)

35
Q

When was the anavyssos kouros made

A

530-520 bc

36
Q

How do we know the anavyssos kouros is a grave marker ?

A

It has a inscription

Celebrates kroisos who fired fighting on the front rank

37
Q

Which statue conveys the pronounced aesthetic shift in the archaic period ?

A

Anavyssos kouros

38
Q

Which statue first depicts the archaic smile

A

Anavyssos

39
Q

How does the anavyssos kouros differ from the other previous Kouroi?

(4)

A

Organic incised lines !

Less symmetry

Facial proportions 
Natural smaller eyes 
Archaic smile
Bone structure 
Ears not volutes

Realistic body proportions
I.e larger waist

40
Q

What problems does the anavyssos kouros still face ?

2

A

Kouros pose !
Undermines realism sculptor is trying to depict

Hair
Unrealistic ringlets
Headband (New York)

41
Q

When was the Piraeus Apollo made

A

530-530 bc

42
Q

How does the Piraeus Apollo break the conventional Kouros pose?

How is it able to do this ?

Why is it still considered a kouros ?

A

Arms extended
Head leans forward
The right foot is forward instead of the left

Used lost wax method as is bronze statue so it has a higher tensile strength, can support its own weight, allowing exploration with pose

However it is a still a Kouros as it retains the defining feature of even weight distribution undermining its realism

43
Q

What objects would the Piraeus Apollo have been holding ?

What does this indicate ?

A

Bowl and bow

May be an indication that statue is of Apollo

44
Q

Where does the Piraeus Apollo still struggle to obtain realism ?

A

Unrealistic harshly defined pubic region

Hair -
More textured but doesn’t depict weight and looks in plaits/ dreadlocks

KOUROS POSE -
Unrealistic uneven weight distribution

45
Q

How does the Piraeus Apollo attempt realism ?

A

Realistic facial features
Ears not volutes
Proportional face
Archaic smile

Attempts to break out of Kouros pose
Attempts identity through objects

46
Q

When was the Aristodikos Kouros made ?

A

500-490 bc

47
Q

How does the aristodikos Kouros attempt to break the kouros pose ?

How does it fail ?

A

Attempts to extend arms

However this fails as aristodikos is made of marble which has a low tensile strength so hands fall off

48
Q

How does the aristodikos Kouros attempt to escape the previous problems with hair ?

Why does this fail ?

A

Has shorter hair to sidestep problems with depicting weight and flow of hair

However short hair is still unrealistic with spirals

49
Q

How does the aristodikos Kouros succeed in conveying realism ?

(2)

A

Totally organic lines and realistic proportions

Aka muscles thighs

Shorter hair does minimise issue to an extent

50
Q

How do we know the aristodikos Kouros is funerary ?

A

Has inscription

‘For aristodikos’

51
Q

What happened to the aristodikos Kouros’ face ?

A

It was ploughed

Classics Art And Architecture A level (10 decks)

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