Free Radical Cell Injury Flashcards
Define a free radical.
Unstable chemical species that has a single unpaired electron in its outer orbital
In the setting of an acute MI, what 2 processes result in myocardial injury?
Ischemic injury
Reperfusion injury
What is the most destructive free radical?
Hydroxyl
Define retinopathy of prematurity.
Developmental vascular proliferative disorder that occurs in the retina of preterm infants- related to free radical injury
How does ionizing radiation generate free radicals?
It splits water in tissue into hydroxyl FRs
What is the most common cancer due to radiation?
Leukemia
Liver cell necrosis due to nontoxic levels of acetaminophen may occur in alcoholics, why?
EtOH induces synthesis of CYP2E1
What region of the liver is initially damaged by acetaminophen?
Central vein (zone 3)
Detail the normal metabolism of acetaminophen.
Metabolized by CYP450 system to harmless metabolite
Excreted in the kidney
What is the treatment of acetaminophen poisoning?
N-acetylcysteine- precursor for synthesis of glutathione
What effect does glutathione have on NAPQ1?
Reduces levels
Increases excretion in kidneys
Acetaminophen + NSAIDs may cause what renal disease?
Renal papillary necrosis
What neutralizes superoxide FRs?
Superoxide dismutase
What vitamins are antioxidants?
Vitamins C and E
What effect does aspirin have on the afferent arteriole of the kidney?
Inhibits formation of PGE2
Inhibits vasodilation
