Free at Last: American Civil RIghts Flashcards
Give 4 push factors for immigration to America.
- Many countries were overcrowded, leading to lots of disease.
- Famine and eviction from their homes.
- Poverty and starvation.
- High unemployment.
- Poor soil and harsh climates.
- Dangerous working conditions.
Give 4 pull factors for immigration to America.
- The promise of land that could be farmed.
- Families writing to other members of the family about the opportunities in America.
- Political freedom and democracy.
- Industries were growing.
- Propaganda promised things their home countries could not offer.
- Guarantee of a job and financial security.
Oraganised crime gangs were established in the USA
WASPs began to hate Italians for the crime increase
Russia’s communist revolution
WASPs were scared of Russian immigrants bringing revolution to the country
Immigrants lived in slum housing in cities
Landlords raised rent - WASPs hated immigrants for this.
Immigrants were willing to work for lower wages
This angered WASPs and they blamed them for being strike-breakers.
The USA fought Germany and Italy in WWI.
WASPs saw immigrants from those places as the enemy.
Small-town America felt their way of life was under threat
This led to a rise of racism and groups like the KKK.
What happened in 1921?
US government announced that only 3% of immigrants of each nationality would be allowed into the USA.
What happened in 1924?
The 3% was lowered to 2% as many immigrants were still entering the states.
What happened in 1929?
Only 150 000 immigrants were allowed in yearly, 85% of which were WASPs.
What happened in 1930?
Immigration from southern and eastern Europe as well as Asia had almost stopped.
What happened in 1932?
Roosevelt shut the door.
Give 4 methods that the KKK would use against black Americans
- Lynchings
- Marching through streets with threatening signs.
- Burning crosses outside of their houses.
- Stopped black Americans from being able to vote by standing outside of voting stations.
- Held rallies to scare them.
- Arson attacks and bombings on black American’s places of worship.
The KKK terrorised black Americans in the southern states.
This led many to migrate north to escape the violence.
The Jim Crow laws segregated all aspects of life for black Americans.
Many black Americans moved north to where these laws did not exist.
Black Americans could not vote due to strict laws
This led many to migrate north to where they could freely vote and to where more black Americans were being elected.
Black Americans lived in poor housing.
Many moved north to where housing was generally much nicer.
Jobs in the south were low-paying and usually seasonal
Many moved north to where there was many factory jobs because of the outbreak of WWII
Segregated black schools in the south were poor
Many moved north for better education in integrated schools
What was the 1954 Supreme Court decision?
To desegregate all schools due to Linda Brown’s case.
Who started the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
Rosa Parks
Why was the boycott important?
- It showed that civil rights were possible.
- It showed the power that black people held in society as the bus companies almost went out of business.
(SIT INS) High levels of support from white Americans
Created a sense of solidarity between black and white Americans
(SIT INS)Restaurants and cafes across America could not afford the bad publicity and loss of business
This meant that by the summer of 1960, there were almost no segregated lunch counters.
(SIT INS)The use of sit-in protests led to protest against other forms of racial segregation
For example, wade-ins at segregated pools abd pray-ins at churches.
(SIT INS)The success of the sit-ins proved that black Americans had economic power
This meant it could be used to end segregation in restaurants and other segregated areas of society,
(SIT INS) The sit-ins led to the formation of the SNCC which provided student volunteers for marches and other protests
For example, SNCC members participated in the Marches on Selma and Birmingham.
(SIT INS) Sit-ins attracted a great amount of media attention and sympathy for the civil rights movement
this led to TV viewers watching peaceful students being mistreated every day.
