Free at last 1865-77 Flashcards
when was the American declaration of independence
American declaration of independence 1776
when was the American constitution
The American Constitution 1787
how many of black Americans lived in the south
over 90% of black Americans lived in the South
what did north and south disagreements about the expansion of slavery lead to
Northern and Southern disagreements over the continued expansion of slavery led to the American civil war
when was the emancipation proclamation issued
Emancipation Proclamation (September 1862)
what did the Emancipation Proclamation state
The Emancipation Proclamation stated:
- Slavery could continue in states that returned to the Union before January 1863
- All slaves in enemy territory conquered by Union armies would be free
what did Lincoln state the civil war was about in 1863
Lincoln proclaimed that the freedom of all slaves in enemy territory was now a union war aim
why did Lincoln issue the emancipation proclomation
Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation because:
- Union commanders needed clarification on the status of the 500,000 refugee slaves in Northern army camps
- The Union could use freed slaves and more slaves would be encouraged to flee thereby weaken the Confederacy
- It might halt British aid to the Confederacy
when did congress approve the 13th amendment
Congress approved the 13th Amendment during 1864-65
when had enough states ratified the 13th amendment
December 1865, sufficient states had ratified the 13th amendment
what were the reasons for the 13th amendment
There were several reasons for the 13th amendment:
- Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation did not end slavery
- Lincoln was worried about the constitutional status of slavery
- Republicans felt that slavery had caused terrible conflict and might do so again if retained
- Many slaves had run away during the civil was so the restoration of slavery was impossible
- Many Northerners recognised the freed slaves contribution to the union war effort and did not want to see them to return to slavery
why did Lincoln worry about the constitutional status of slavery
Lincoln was worried about the constitutional status because the Constitution of 1787 recognised slavery and his emancipation was only a war time measure and might not be constitutional in peace time.
What did the Women’s National Loyal League petition for
The Women’s National Loyal League petitioned for a constitutional amendment to end slavery
How many signatures did the Women’s National Loyal League’s petition get
The Woman’s National Loyal League’s petition for an amendment had 500,000 signatures
what downsides for the 13th amendment were there for black people
The 13th Amendment created black economic, social and political inequality
what did slaves become when freed
When slaves were freed plantation owners had no workers and ex-slaves only knew how to farm so they became share croppers
what was the relationship between landlords and sharecroppers
White landlords provided land and equipment, the sharecropper did the work, and both shared the crop profits
what did sharecropping sustain
sharecropping sustained black poverty and economic inequality`
what social tensions did the 13th amendment create between the white southerners and the blacks
The 13th amendment generated social tension because southern whites were bitter at the loss of the war and resentful of freed blacks, particularly when they demanded greater equality
what is an example of increased violence when blacks demanded more rights
A Memphis mob killed over 40 black men in race riots of the summer of 1866.
what were southerners views on black Americans voting
White Southerners did not want blacks to be able to vote
what were Northerners views on blacks voting and why
Northerners were more sympathetic especially Republicans, who knew black voters would vote republican
when was Lincolns assasination
Lincolns assassination was in April 1865
who was president after Lincoln
Vice President Andrew Johnson became president after Lincoln
what was the rebuilding of the South called
The rebuilding of the south was called the Reconstruction
Why did Johnson side with the old confederate elite
Johnson sided with the old confederate elite because:
- He was a Southerner
- He wanted to ensure Southern white loyalty to the US
- He believed in states’ rights
- He considered black Americans inferior
- He thought the restoration of the old Confederate elite would ensure his own re-election
what did Johnson make southern states do to be allowed back into the union
He allowed many Southern states that accepted the end of slavery to return to the Union
how did southern whites reassert their supremacy over the blacks
Southern whites maintained there supremacy through the black codes
what did the black codes do to blacks
Black Codes were designed to make it impossible for black Americans to:
- Purchase or rent land
- Vote
- Obtain an educate
- Receive meaningful protection from the law
When did President Johnson want the south to be back in the union by
President Johnson had hoped to restore the South to the Union before Congress met in December 1865
Who were the new Southern representatives elected
Newly elected Southern representatives included the Vice President of the Confederacy, 58 Confederate congressmen and four Confederate generals
What was the republicans reaction to ‘Presidential Reconstruction’
The Republican majority:
- Refused to allow those members of the old Confederate elite to take their seats in the Congress
- Refused to recognise the new Southern state governments ( these were also dominated by the old Confederate elite)
- Soon clashed with Johnson over the 14th Amendment
When was the 14th Amendment passed
The 14th Amendment was passed in 1866
