FREAKING CONJ

Question 1

What are the three functions of the conj?

Answer 1

1. Ensure smooth movement of the eyelid over the globe
2. Help lubricate the eye by producing small amount of mucous and tears
3. Keep microbes out of the eye

Question 2

What kind of epithelium is the conjunctiva epithelium?

Answer 2

• non keratinized

- stratified squamous epithelium AND stratified columnar epithelium

Question 3

The epithelial layer of the conj contains what cells and other structures?

Answer 3

• vessels, fibrous tissue, lymph channels
• goblet cells
• t and B cells and monocytes for immune response

Question 4

What is present in the conj to help produce tears?

Answer 4

Accessory lacrimal glands (krause/wolfring)

Question 5

What are the three segments on the conj?

Answer 5

• palpebral/tarsal conj
• bulbar conj
• conjunctival fornix

Question 6

What does the palpebral conj line?

Answer 6

-lining of the eyelids

Question 7

What does the bulbar conj line?

Answer 7

-converts the sclera

Question 8

What is the conjunctival fornix?

Answer 8

-the cul de sac that connects palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva

Question 9

Where are conjunctival stem cells?

Answer 9

They are scattered in the basal layer throughout the conj, but are more numerous in the fornix region

Question 10

Name the fornices, their location, and their depth

Answer 10

• superior: under upper lid. 8-10mm deep
• Inferior: under lower lid. 8-10mm deep
• Lateral: extends posterior to the equator of the globe. 14mm deep
• medial: confined by the lacrimal apparatus. Shallow at 7mm deep

Question 11

What is the deepest fornix?

Answer 11

Lateral! 14mm

Question 12

What do the folds in the fornix allow for? Are they tight or loose?

Answer 12

• they allow for eye movement. They are pretty loose, so trauma or surgery can lose folds and make it tighter and less mobile
• they attach to the facial extensions of the levator, tarsal, and EOM

Question 13

What happens at the mucocutaneous junction?

Answer 13

-the nonkeratinized squamous palpebral conj epithelium is continuous with the keratinized squamous epithelium of the epidermis of the eyelid

Question 14

When is the bulbar conj not colorless?

Answer 14

When its blood vessels are engorged

Question 15

Is the bulbar loose or tightly adhered?

Answer 15

-loose up to 3mm of the cornea (conjunctival limbus) where is tightly adheres to the tenon’s capsule and sclera

Question 16

What is a sub-conjunctival hemorrhage?

Answer 16

Mild amount of blood trapped between bulbar conj and underlying episclera

Question 17

Plicae Semilunaris: what is it? Where is it? What is it composed of? What is the function?

Answer 17

• crescent-shaped fold of the conj
• located at medial canthus
• epithelium is 8-10 cells thick and contains goblet cells
• stroma is vascularized with smooth muscle fibers and adipose tissue
• allows full lateral movement without stretching? Really just allergies

Question 18

Caruncle: what is it? What kind of epithelium? Anything special about it?

Answer 18

• mound of tissue that overlies the medial angle of the plica semilunaris
• nonkeratinized epithelium with accessory lacrimal glands
• skin elements: hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands
• sebaceous glands are probs source of sleep in medial canthus

Question 19

What is the blood supply for the palpebral conj?

Answer 19

-palpebral arcades of the lids anastomose with each other on either side of the tarsal plate

Question 20

What is the blood supply to the fornices?

Answer 20

-palpebral arcades extend into the fornices of the lid

Question 21

What is the blood supply of the bulbar conj?

Answer 21

-palpebral arcades branch and extend into the bulbar conj and anastomose with anterior conj arteries and anterior ciliary arteries

Question 22

Where do the conjunctival veins drain?

Answer 22

Into the palpebral and ophthalmic veins

Question 23

What provides sensory innervation for bulbar conj?

Answer 23

Long ciliary nerves

Question 24

What provides sensory innervation to superior palpebral conj?

Answer 24

-frontal and lacrimal branches off V1

Question 25

What provides innervation to inferior palpebral conj?

Answer 25

Lacrimal and infraorbital nerve off V2

Question 26

All sensory information for the conj is carried in what CN?

Answer 26

Trigeminal (V1 and V2)

Question 27

What is conjunctivitis?

Answer 27

• any inflammation of the conjunctiva

- bacterial and viral invasion are most common causes

Question 28

What is tenon’s capsule? What is its function?

Answer 28

• a thin fibrous sheet right below the conjunctival stroma
• serves as a fascia cavity for the globe to move in
• protects, supports, and attaches the globe to the orbital connective tissue