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Anaesthetics Basics > FRCA Things to Know > Flashcards

FRCA Things to Know Flashcards

1
Q

Steroid Equivalent Doses

A

Hydrocortisone 20mg
Dexamethasone 0.75mg
Prednisolone 5mg
Methylprednisolone 4mg

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2
Q

Clarke (polarographic) sensor principle?

A

Reduction

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3
Q

What does Body Plethysmography measure and how?

A

Lung volumes (including FRC) through using Boyle’s Law in a sealed environment

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4
Q

What is contained within the Child-Pugh classification?

A

Albumin
Bilirubin
INR
Ascities
Encephalopathy

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5
Q

What does the Stefan-Boltzmann law state?

A

The total emissive power of a black body is proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature.

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6
Q

What are the contraindications/sources of error in LiDCO monitoring?

A

First trimester pregnancy
AR
IABP
Lithium
<40kg
Muscle relaxants (positive ammonia ion)

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7
Q

What current is the ‘let-go’ threshold?

A

10-15mA

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8
Q

What is the most sensitive and specific test used for the identification of absolute iron deficiency?

A

Serum ferritin (less than 30 µg/L)

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9
Q

Which method of decontamination is the most effective in destroying prions harboured in surgical instruments?

A

Autoclave at 121°C for 30 minutes with 1N NaOH

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10
Q

Which GABAA receptor subunit is particularly important for the interaction with volatile anaesthetic agents?

A

Alpha

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11
Q

Which laser type is most suitable for photocoagulation in retinal surgery due to its absorption by haemoglobin and melanin?

A

Argon

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12
Q

Which measurement is the most sensitive indicator of mild obstructive airway disease?

A

FEF 25-75%

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13
Q

How many litres of blood are filtered daily by the kidneys?

A

180L

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14
Q

Which parts of the body receive the most blood flow at rest?

A

Carotid body- 2000 ml/minute/100 g
Thyroid 560
Kidneys 420

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15
Q

Which parts of the body have the highest oxygen consumption at rest?

A

Heart 11ml/minute/100g
Kidney 6.8
Brain 3.7

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16
Q

Raised Anion Gap

A

Methanol
Uraemia
DKA
Paracetamol/Propylene Glycol
Infection/iron/isoniazid
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol/ethanol
Salicylates

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17
Q

Normal Anion Gap

A

Addisons
Bicard losses (GI/Renal)
Chloride excess
Diuretics (Acetazolamide)

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18
Q

Describe the findings in Brown Sequard Syndrome

A

Loss of fine touch, proprioception, vibration and motor weakness on ipisilateral side
Loss of pain and temperature on contralateral side

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19
Q

How does Botulism Toxin work?

A

BLOCKS
-Pre-synaptic acetylcholine release
-Intrafusal muscle units with a reduction in afferent I/IIa signals reducing tone
-Efferent autonomic fibres

20
Q

DKA Resolution Criteria

A

BG <14mmol/L
Ketones <0.6mmol/L
pH >7.3

21
Q

Normal RAP

A

0-8mmHg

22
Q

Normal RVP

A

0-8 (Diastole)
15-30 (Systole)

23
Q

Normal PAP

A

5-15 (Diastole)
15-30 (Systole)

24
Q

Normal PCWP

A

4-12

25
Q

Normal LAP

A

4-12

26
Q

Normal LVP

A

0-12 (Diastole)
90-140 (Systole)

27
Q

What stimulates renin release?

A

Low BP
Low Na
Sympathetic stimulation

28
Q

What is Eaton Lambert Syndrome?

A

Autoimmune NMJ disorder causing muscle weakness. Attacks VGCC on pre-synaptic membrane

29
Q

What is Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Chronic NMJ disorder causing muscle weakness with ocular and bulbar symptoms. Attacks AChRs on post-synaptic membrane

30
Q

How do organophosphate poinsons work?

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors- excess Ach causes nicotinic and muscarinic stimulation. Results in fasciculations/weakness, cramp and paralysis

31
Q

What does hypercarbia do to myocardial contractility, and peripheral/cerbral circulations?

A

Inhibit it, resulting in vasodilation of circulations

32
Q

Partial pressure of O2 in umbilical vein

A

4.7kPa

33
Q

Pathophysiology of sickle cell

A

Change in amino acid sequence of haemoglobin from glutamate to valine

34
Q

What is the role of Hepcidin?

A

Peptide hormone produced in the liver that inhibits iron absorption and transport by binding to ferroportin channels in the basolateral membrane of enterocytes

35
Q

Codeine PKA and enzyme

A

8.2
CYP2D6

36
Q

Normal CSF Contents

A

Protein 0.2 to 0.4g/l (some quote 1.5-4.5g/dl)
WCC 0-5
HCO3- 22-28
Cl- 120
Na 140
K 3
Ca 1.2
Mg higher than plasma
Glucose 4
pH 7.3

37
Q

What filter size is used in cell salvage?

A

150micron

38
Q

What is the gold standard of sterilsation?

A

Steam (autoclave)

39
Q

Haemoglobin structure (HbA1, HbA2, HbF)

A

HbA1 2 alpha 2 beta (98% total)
HbA2 2 alpha 2 delta
HbF 2 alpha 2 gamma

40
Q

How do you calculate compliance?

A

1/total compliance = 1/chest wall compliance + 1/lung compliance.

41
Q

Normal lung compliance

A

200ml/cmH20

42
Q

What is the Pasteur point?

A

0.3kPa

43
Q

During exercise what is the blood flow to the skeletal muscles and heart?

A

Muscles 50-100ml/100g/min (1-4 at rest)
Heart- Can exceed 30L/min in athletes (but muscle has the greatest % increase)

44
Q

Resting membrane potentials

A

Nerve cells: -70mV
Skeletal/cardiac muscle: -90mV

45
Q

Threshold potential

A

Nerve -55mV
Cardiac -65mV
Pacemaker -40mV

Anaesthetics Basics (4 decks)

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