France, Sudan Flashcards
How did British try to allay french accusations they used the nationalist uprising as an excuse to take over Egypt
Britain ordered withdrawal of British troops from Sudan 1884 but this ended in siege at Khartoum and death of general Gordon and led to British humiliation
In the late 1890s how didBritain try to avenge general Gordon
By annexing Sudan with armed force, this annoyed French and led to the Fashoda incident
Date of Fashoda incident
18th September 1898
What happens at Fashoda
Bungled attempt by French to recapture fort at Fashoda in Sudan
How did Fashoda incident end
Almost led to war but french backed down and agreed to Sudan becoming a British sphere of influence
Between 1888 and 1898 what did Europeans rlly want to get to in Africa
The headwaters of the Nile
Which European countries wanted to find the headwaters of the Nile
Britain Germany Italy France Belgium
Why did France want to find the headwaters of the Nile
Their bid for the shores of the white nike was intended to overturn the new political order in Egypt
The only way for France to regain rightful influence in Egypt
Agrressive challenge to Britain somewhere on the upper Nile
Summer of 1895 mission by France led by
Captain John-Baptiste Marchand
Who led Egyptian and Sudanese armies against french
Sir Herbert Kitchener
How did Kitchener handle Egypt well
Model of logistic efficiency of a single track fighting line which impressed war correspondents who sent back enthusiastic reports for the public
What was the invasion of Sudan seen as to British public
Crusade for civilisation and vengeance for the death of General Gordon
What also intensified British public interest in fighting the Khalifah in Sudan in 1897-8
British troops sent
Climax of war between Khalifah and Kitchener date
2nd September 1898
When Khalifah’s army delivered a sequence of frontal attacks on 2nd September 1898 what did kitcheners army do
Their attacks were repelled by long range rifle and machine gun fire which killed 11,000 and wounded a further 16,000
Tantamount to massacre which illustrated gulf between technology of Africa and Britain
Accounts of outrages at Omdurman
So much looting by Kitchener that a group of MPs to take the unprecedented step of opposing the payment of a £30,000 reward to Kitchener for his work in the Sudan
He got it in the end tho
After capture of Khartoum
Sudan wld be governed jointly by Britain and Egypt thru a British governor-general
What happened when Kitchener found out about captain Marchand at Fashoda
He’d been givensevret orders to evict them without forcé but Kitchener didn’t think they needed to be taken seriously
Kitchener hoisted the Egyptian flag over Fashoda rather than a British one tactfully so Marchand withdrew believing he upheld his country’s honour
French then accused Britain of bullying following Fashoda, how did the public react?
The public, having been elated by victory at Omdurman and upset by recent concessions in the Far East, backed the British governments unbending policy that said France possesses no claim to any region of upper Nile
What was British rule in Sudan like
Difficult took 30 years to subdue the tribes of souther Sudan and 33 expeditions to persuade tribesmen of Nuba mountains to accept the new order
What did lord Cromer say about Sudan in 1908, ten years following Fashoda incident
The less attention is drawn to these matters the better
After public hanging a following suppression of another small uprising in Sudan 1908
Who was general Gordon
Governor-General of Egyptian administered Sudan
Who was general Gordon opposed by
Sudanese Islamic cleric Muhammad Ahmad who in 1881 proclaimed himself the saviour of mankind
