France Bordeaux Flashcards
Bordeaux AOP’s
Bordeaux AOP
Bordeaux Supérieur AOP
Cremant de Bordeaux AOP
Cotes de Bordeaux AOP
Entre deux Mers
Medoc
Graves
Right Bank
Climate in Bordeaux?
Maritime
Coastal Pine forest protect from N and W winds
Atlantic Ocean
Gironde estuary
Rain at harvest problematic
Wet spring and humidity create mould and rot problems in North but are great for botrytis in South
Springtime frost can lead to coulure and millerandage= Bordeaux mixture aids in ac=voiding fungal disease
Becomes more continental towards right bank
What is in Bordeaux Mixture?
Lime, Cooper sultfate and water
What are the generic Bordeaux AOP’s?
Bordeaux AOP
Bordeaux Supérieur AOP
Cremant de Bordeaux AOP
What are the Cotes de Bordeaux AOPs? 7
Cotes de Bordeaux AOP Premier Cotes de Bordeaux AOP Bourg AOP Cotes des Bourg AOP Bourgeais AOP Blaye AOP Cotes de Blaye AOP
What are the Entre-Deux-Mers AOP’s? 10
Entre-Deux-Mers AOP - Blanc (Sec)
Cadillac AOP- Blanc- (Liquoreux)
Graves de Vayres AOP- Rouge & Blanc (Sec)
Loupiac AOP Blanc (Liquoreux)
Côtes de Bordeaux-Saint-Macaire AOP-Blanc (Sec, Moelleux, and Liquoreux)
Sainte-Croix-du-Mont AOP -Blanc (Liquoreux)
Sainte-Foy-Bordeaux AOP - Rouge & Blanc (Sec, Moelleux, and Liquoreux)
Medoc AOP’s 9
Medoc AOP Haut Medoc AOP St Estephe AOP Pauillac AOP St Julien AOP Listrac-Medoc AOP Moulis AOP Moulis en Medoc AOP Margaux AOP
Graves AOP’s 6
Graves AOP Graves Supérieures AOP Pessac Leognans AOP Cerons AOP Barsac AOP Sauternes AOP
Right Bank AOP’s 10
Saint Emilion AOP Saint Emilion Grand Cru AOP Lussac St Emilion AOP Montagne St Emilion AOP Puisseguin St Emilion AOP St George St Emilion AOP Pomerol AOP Le Lande Pomerol AOP Canon AOP Canon Fronsac AOP
Bordeaux Classifications and revised dates?
1855 Classification of Bordeaux 1855 1973
Classification of Sauternes (1855) 1855 1855
Classification of Graves (1959) 1953 1959
Classification of St. Émilion (2012) 1955 2012
Cru Artisan Classification (2002) 2002 2012
1855 Premier Cru’s?
Château Lafite Rothschild, Pauillac Château Latour, Pauillac Château Mouton Rothschild, Pauillac: 1973 moved up from 2eme Château Margaux, Margaux (Margaux) Château Haut-Brion, Graves
1855 2eme
Deuxièmes Crus
Château Cos d’Estournel, Saint-Estèphe
Château Montrose, Saint-Estèphe
Château Pichon Longueville Baron, Pauillac
Château Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande, Pauillac
Château Léoville-Las Cases, Saint-Julien Château Léoville-Poyferré, Saint-Julien Château Léoville Barton, Saint-Julien Château Gruaud-Larose, Saint-Julien Château Ducru-Beaucaillou, Saint-Julien
Château Rauzan-Ségla, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Rauzan-Gassies, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Durfort-Vivens, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Lascombes, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Brane-Cantenac, Margaux (Cantenac)
What are the 2 x 2eme from Pauillac?
Château Pichon Longueville Baron, Pauillac
Château Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande, Pauillac
What are the 2 x 2eme from Saint Estephe?
Château Cos d’Estournel, Saint-Estèphe
Château Montrose, Saint-Estèphe
What are the 5 x 2eme from Saint Julien?
Château Léoville-Las Cases, Saint-Julien Château Léoville-Poyferré, Saint-Julien Château Léoville Barton, Saint-Julien Château Gruaud-Larose, Saint-Julien Château Ducru-Beaucaillou, Saint-Julien
What are the 4 x 2eme from Margaux?
Château Rauzan-Ségla, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Rauzan-Gassies, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Durfort-Vivens, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Lascombes, Margaux (Margaux)
What is the 1 x 2eme from Cantenac?
Château Brane-Cantenac, Margaux (Cantenac)
What are the 3 eme/Troisièmes Crus?
Château Calon-Ségur, Saint-Estèphe
Château Lagrange, Saint-Julien
Château Langoa Barton, Saint-Julien
Château Malescot-Saint-Exupéry, Margaux
Château Ferrière, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Marquis d’Alesme Becker, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Desmirail, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Kirwan, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château d’Issan, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Boyd-Cantenac, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Cantenac-Brown, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Palmer, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Giscours, Margaux (Labarde)
Château La Lagune, Haut-Medoc (Ludon)
Château Lafite Rothschild, Pauillac
second wine?
Carruades de Lafite
Château Latour, Pauillac second wine?
Les Forts de Latour
Château Margaux, Margaux (Margaux) second wine?
Pavillon Rouge
Château Haut-Brion, Graves second wine?
RED- Le Clarence de Haut-Brion
(as of 2007, previously Château Bahans Haut-Brion
WHITE - Le Clarence de Haut-Brion
(as of 2007, previously Château Bahans Haut-Brion
Château Mouton Rothschild, Pauillac second wine?
Petit Mouton
Explain St-Estèphe AOP ?
Northern most commune in the Haut Medoc
Full bodied red with higher proportion or Merlot
Highly clay content amongst the gravel
No First growths
Château Cos d’Estournel 2eme and known as a Super Second! (not a second wine)
Explain Pauillac AOP?
Classic Claret
structured and long lived wines
Gravel top soil is at its deepest point within Haut Medoc
Lafite, Latour and Mouton represent the pinnacle
Explain St-Julien AOP?
Produces less wine than other communes but good quality
Elegant styles
No first growths
5x 2emes
Château Léoville Las Cases and Château Ducru-Beaucaillou both considered ‘Super second growths’
Explain Listrac-Médoc AOP and Moulis-en-Médoc AOP ?
Both produce good value for money
No classified growths
Château Chasse-Spleen in Moulis is the most well known
Explain Margaux AOP ?
largest commune appellation
Great diversity of soil types
Thin sandy gravel over limestone
Wines are described as feminine, with an emphasis on floral bouquet, exotic character and finesse.
Explain Graves AOP?
Longer history than the Medoc with wines successful whilst the Medoc was still disease ridden swamp land
1663 already being exported to England
Similar gravel and clay but sandier toward the south
Unlike Haut Medoc both red and white may be labelled as as Graves AOP
Apart from Haut Brian Graves wines were classified in 1953
What is Boulbenes?
A mixture of sand, gravel and light clay local known as Boulbenes in Bordeaux
Apart from Haut Brion when were Grave wine first classified?
1953 with 6 additional wines in
1959
When was Pessac-Léognan AOP established?
1987 all cru Classe are located here
What are the 5 villages of Margaux AOP?
CALMS
Cantenac Arsac Larbarde Margaux Soussans
Botrytis cinerea is known as what in Bordeaux?
pourriture noble
Graves Supérieur AOP are what type of wines?
Sweet white wines
Cérons, Barsac, and Sauternes are what type of wines?
Sweet wine wines with botrytis
Sauternes lies at the conflux of what rivers?
Ciron and Garonne
Explain the climatic factors affecting the Sauternes region?
cool morning mists blow off the Ciron and encounter the warmer waters of the Garonne, producing autumn afternoon humidity perfect for incubating the Botrytis spores. The noble rot is fickle, however, and does not attack grapes evenly, requiring the producer to pick the grapes individually, in separate trips through the vineyard
What years does Ch.d’Yquem not produce a vintage?
1992 or 1974
“Y” (“Ygrec”) is bottled under what classification?
Bordeaux or Bordeaux Supérieur
What are the 5 villages of Sauternes AOP?
FBBPS
Sauternes, Barsac, Bommes Fargues, Preignac,
Barsac wines can be sold as Barsac AOP or Sauternes AOP true or false?
True
Sauternes cannot be sold as Barsac AOP
Finished wines of Barsac and Sautneres must have a min of ? RS
45gm/L min must weight = 221gm/L
with mod-high % new Oak for up to 2 years
Who makes Crème de Tête?
Ch Gilette
aged 10 years in concrete vats
The oldest cultivated vineyards in Bordeaux are found where?
AOPs of Bourg and Côtes de Bourg
Dry white styles from Côtes de Blaye AOP uniquely contain what varieties?
Colombard and Ugni Blanc
Loupiac, Ste-Croix-du-Mont, and Cadillac produces what styles of wine?
Sweet white wines that may or may not be affected by botrytis
Entre-Deux-Mers AOP a land between two seas produces what style of wine?
Dry white wines exclusively
may use the geographical designation Haut-Benauge
Haut-Benauge will be what type of wine?
Dry white wine
Saint-Émilion was most recently reclassified in _____ for the 6th time.
2012
Traditional barrique in Bordeaux contains how many liters?
225
Bordeaux has the most hectares under vine of any French wine region.
true or false?
true
Explain Cru Artisan
Formerly recognised in 2002.
Throughout the 8 crus in Medoc a Cru Artisan is recognised as a producer one of 44 that are exceptional stewards of the land and craft of winemaking, without the financing or apparatus of large-scale operations
Must be smaller than 5 Ha, is reviewed every 10 years
Explain Cru Bourgeois
Previous from that 2008-2020 Cru Bourgeois will be the only labelling due to legislation passed previously
Moving forward
2018 châteaux may once again apply for Cru Bourgeois, Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel, and Cru Bourgeois Supérieur. The terms will appear on labels in 2020.
reviewed every 5 years, with a new list appearing in 2020 and then 2025.
The côtes and graves on the right bank of Bordeaux refer to what?
hillside COTES are steep limestone slopes
GRAVES is a gravelly limestone plateau resembling soils of the Médoc.
When did St Emilion create its 3 tier ranking and when was it revised?
a) 1954 (published 1955)
b) 1969, 1985, 1996, 2006, and 2012
Explain St Emilion Grand Cru?
Is an appellation NOT a classification and requires
+ 0.5% alcohol and must undergo a longer élevage than wines simply labeled St-Émilion AOP
What is the St Emilion chateaux ranking called?
Grand Cru Classe A = 4
Grand Cru Classe B = 14
Grand Cru Classe = 64
What are the Right Bank AOP’s? 10
Saint-Émilion AOP Saint-Émilion Grand Cru AOP (appellation) Lussac-St-Émilion AOP Montagne-St-Émilion AOP Puisseguin-St-Émilion AOP St-Georges-St-Émilion AOP Pomerol AOP Lalande-de-Pomerol AOP Canon Fronsac AOP Fronsac AOP
Explain Pomerol AOP?
‘Crasse de fer’ = sand, clay and gravel, with a subsoil of iron pan and rich clay
Min Abv 11%
There is no classification in Pomerol; regardless, the best properties
Cabernet Franc is known as what in Pomerol?
Bouchet
What are the four satellites of St Emilion?
Lussac, St-Georges, Montagne, and Puisseguin
What are the communes of Lalande - de- Pomerol AOP
Lalande-de-Pomerol and Néac, Fronsac AOP, and Canon-Fronsac AOP.
Name the Premier Grand Cru Classe A?
Château Angélus* 2012
Château Ausone
Château Cheval-Blanc
Château Pavie* 2012
Grand Cru Classe B
Château Beau-Séjour Bécot Château Beauséjour (Duffau-Lagarrosse) Château Bélair-Monange (known simply as Belair until the 2008 vintage) Château Canon Château Canon-la-Gaffelière*** 2012 Château Figeac Clos Fourtet Château La Gaffelière Château Larcis-Ducasse***2012 La Mondotte***2012 Château Pavie-Macquin* 2006 Château Troplong-Mondot* 2006 Château Trottevieille Château Valandraud***2012
Graves AOP
Graves AOP Graves Supérieures AOP Pessac Leognan AOP Cerons AOP Sauternes AOP Barsac AOP
Graves Classification 1959 RED?
- Château Bouscaut (Cadaujac)
- Château Carbonnieux (Leognan)
- Domaine de Chevalier (Leognan)
- Château de Fieuzal (Leognan)
- Château Haut-Bailly (Leognan)
- Château Haut-Brion (Pessac)
- Château Latour-Martillac (Martillac)
- Château Malartic-Lagravière (Leognan)
- Château La Mission Haut-Brion (Talence)
- Château Olivier (Leognan)
- Château Pape-Clément (Pessac)
- Château Smith-Haut-Lafitte (Martillac)
- Château La Tour-Haut-Brion (Talence)
Graves Classification 1959 White ?
- Château Bouscaut
- Château Carbonnieux
- Domaine de Chevalier
- Château Couhins (Villenave d’Ornon)
- Château Couhins-Lurton (Villenave d’Ornon)
- Château Latour-Martillac
- Château Malartic-Lagravière
- Château Laville-Haut-Brion (Talence)
- Château Olivier
Sauternes Superior First Growth (Premier Cru Supérieur)?
Château d’Yquem, Sauternes
Sauternes First Growths (Premiers Crus)
Château La Tour Blanche, Bommes (Sauternes)
Château Lafaurie-Peyraguey, Bommes (Sauternes)
Château Clos Haut-Peyraguey, Bommes (Sauternes)
Château de Rayne-Vigneau, Bommes (Sauternes)
Chateau Rabaud-Promis, Bommes (Sauternes)
Château Sigalas-Rabaud, Bommes (Sauternes)
Château Suduiraut, (Preignac) Sauternes
Château Guiraud, (Sauternes)
Château Rieussec, (Fargues) Sauternes
Château Coutet, (Barsac)
Château Climens, (Barsac)
Second wine of Château Cos d’Estournel?
Les Pagodes de Cos
Second wine of Château Montrose
La Dame du Montrose
Second wine of Château Pichon Longueville Baron
Les Griffons de Pichon Baron
Second wine of Château Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande
Réserve de la Comtesse
Second wine of Château Léoville-Las Cases
Le Petit Lion du Marquis de Las Cases
Second wine of Château Léoville Poyferré
Pavillon de Poyferré
Second wine of Château Léoville-Barton
Réserve Léoville-Barton
Second wine of Château Gruaud-Larose
Sarget de Gruaud-Larose and Larose de Gruaud
Second wine of Château Ducru-Beaucaillou
La Croix du Beaucaillou
Second wine of Château Rauzan-Ségla
Segla
Second wine of Château Rauzan-Gassies
Gassies
Second wine of Château Durfort-Vivens
Vivens Rouge,
Relais de Durfort
Vivens
Second wine of Château Lascombes
Chevalier de Lascombes
Second wine of Château Brane-Cantenac
Le Baron du Brane
Third Growths (Troisièmes Crus)
Château Calon-Ségur, Saint-Estèphe
Château Lagrange, Saint-Julien
Château Langoa Barton, Saint-Julien
Château Malescot-Saint-Exupéry, Margaux
Château Desmirail, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Ferrière, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Marquis d’Alesme Becker, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Kirwan, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château d’Issan, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Boyd-Cantenac, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Cantenac-Brown, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Palmer, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Giscours, Margaux (Labarde)
Château La Lagune, Haut-Medoc (Ludon)
Fourth Growths (Quatrièmes Crus)
Château Lafon-Rochet, Saint-Estèphe
Château Duhart-Milon-Rothschild, Pauillac
Château Saint-Pierre, Saint-Julien
Château Talbot, Saint-Julien
Château Branaire-Ducru, Saint-Julien
Château Beychevelle, Saint-Julien
Château Marquis de Terme, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Pouget, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Prieuré-Lichine, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château La Tour Carnet, Haut-Médoc (Saint-Laurent)
Fifth Growths (Cinquièmes Crus)
Château Cos Labory, Saint-Estèphe
Château Pontet-Canet, Pauillac Château Batailley, Pauillac Château Haut-Batailley, Pauillac Château Haut-Bages-Libéral, Pauillac Château Grand-Puy-Lacoste, Pauillac Château Grand-Puy-Ducasse, Pauillac Château Lynch-Bages, Pauillac Château Lynch-Moussas, Pauillac Château d'Armailhac, Pauillac: This estate was known as Mouton-Baronne-Philippe from 1933-1988. Château Pédesclaux, Pauillac Château Clerc-Milon, Pauillac Château Croizet Bages, Pauillac
Château Dauzac, Margaux (Labarde)
Château du Tertre, Margaux (Arsac)
Château Belgrave, Haut-Médoc (Saint-Laurent)
Château de Camensac, Haut-Médoc (Saint-Laurent)
Château Cantemerle, Haut-Médoc (Macau)
What is the minimum alcohol for Saint-Émilion Grand Cru AOP?
11.5%
The Cru Classé properties of Graves are located in which of the following appellations?
Pessac -Leognan
Name the Chateaus of the Haut Medoc that were named in the 1855 Classification?
Château La Lagune (3rd) Château La Tour Carnet (4th) Château Belgrave (5th) Château de Camensac (5th) Château Cantemerle (5th)
What is the name of the estuary on Bordeaux?
Gironde
What ocean lies to the West of France?
Atlantic
best vintages are often define by ?
hot and dry end of September
Vineyard area?
over 128.500ha
What is the approx % of rose in Bordeaux?
around 3%
What does en primeur mean?
early release of wines for sales. Wine matured on the property 2-3 years
Tranches?
Slice
Pontet Canet
Bio drynamic
Pontet Canet
Bio dynamic
Which ripen later Cab or merlot?
Cab Sav
Right bank soil?
Clay, sandstone, gravel
Soil profile in Chateau Latour
Free draining heat training soils. White sand and white rock
Graves
Marine fossils in Graves
What proportion f merlot is planted in Bordeaux?
60%
Wha is Malbec called in Bordeaux and who plants a high proportion of it?
30%
Clerc Milon
Cab Sav as a grape?
Late budding
Loose bunch
Thick skin
Low yield
Merlot as a grape
Earlier maturing
downy mildew
Exception tot he use on right bank for dominant cab wines?
Figeac 30 %
Cgeval Blanc 66%
Exception tot he use on right bank for dominant cab wines?
Figeac 30 %
Cheval Blanc 66%
1855
three changes?
Ch Cantemerle added as 5th in 1856
Ch Dubignon absorbed into
Saint Estephe
Steep bank with reich powerful wines
Pauillac
Gravel soils
Graphite /Pencil shaving central!
Epitome of claret
Saint Julien
Black sand
Largest percentage of classified growths
softer and prettier dur tot he sand content
Listrac and Moulis
excellent value
Margaux
Largest commune in the Haut Medoc
Elegance and finesse and perhaps most varied
Sauternes classification
Premier Cru Superier
Premier Cru
Duxieme cru
Bordeaux Haut Benauge?
Botrytised wine only
Entre Deux Haut Benauge?
Dry wines
1955 St Emilion was revised when?
1958, 69, 86, 96, 06, 12
3 soils types in the nine communes of Saint Emilion?
The Plateau- sandy gravel
The Escarpement- chalk
The Plain- sandy
Cote de Bordeaux
created in 2007 and started as of 2009 vintages
2016 Saint Foy Cote de Bordeaux
Noteable vintages
2000, 2005, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2016
2001