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France Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of Wine do the make in Barsac

A

Sweet White Wines

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2
Q

What type of Wine do they make in Lalande de Pomerol and Montagne St Emilion

A

Still Red Wine Merlot base

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3
Q

In What year was the Cru Bourgeois founded

A

1930

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4
Q

What are the classification of Cu Bourgeois

A

Cru Bourgeois: The basic level
Cru Bourgeois Supérieur: A higher level
Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel: The highest level

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5
Q

History of 1855 Classification of Bordeaux

A

The 1855 Classification of Bordeaux was the first official classification system for Bordeaux wines. It was created in response to a request from Emperor Napoleon III for a way to showcase the best Bordeaux wines at the 1855 Exposition Universelle de Paris

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6
Q

Why was Haut-Brion Included

A

Château Haut-Brion was included in the 1855 Bordeaux Classification because it was already well-known and sold for prices that were comparable to the other top wines in the region

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7
Q

What are the First Growths and there communes

A

Château Lafite-Rothschild: Located in Pauillac
Château Margaux: Located in Margaux
Château Latour: Located in Pauillac
Château Haut-Brion: Located in Pessac (Graves)
Château Mouton-Rothschild: Located in Pauillac

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8
Q

Name the Second Growth and there Communes

A

Château Rausan-Ségla: Margaux
Château Rauzan-Gassies: Margaux
Château Durfort-Vivens: Margaux
Château Lascombes: Margaux
Château Brane-Cantenac Cantenac: Margaux
Château Léoville-Las Cases: Saint-Julien
Château Léoville-Poyferré: Saint-Julien
Château Léoville-Barton: Saint-Julien
Château Ducru-Beaucaillou: Saint-Julien
Château Gruaud-Larose: Saint-Julien
Château Pichon-Longueville-Baron: Pauillac
Château Pichon-Longueville, Comtesse de Lalande: Pauillac
Château Cos d’Estournel: Saint-Estèphe
Château Montrose: Saint-Estèphe

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9
Q

Classification of Graves (1959)

A

Crus Classés (Classified Growths)
Red Wines:
Château Haut-Brion (Pessac-Léognan)
Château Latour-Martillac (Martillac)
Château La Mission Haut-Brion (Pessac-Léognan)
Château Pape Clément (Pessac-Léognan)
Château Smith Haut Lafitte (Martillac)
Château Haut-Bailly (Pessac-Léognan)

White Wines:
Château Haut-Brion (Pessac-Léognan) – also classified for red
Château La Mission Haut-Brion (Pessac-Léognan) – also classified for red
Château Pape Clément (Pessac-Léognan) – also classified for red
Château Smith Haut Lafitte (Martillac) – also classified for red
Château Veyry (Ludon-Médoc)

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10
Q

What are the Classification of Sauternes (1855)

A

Premier Cru Supérieur (Superior First Growth):
Château d’Yquem
Premier Crus (First Growths):
Deuxième Cru (Second Growths):

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11
Q

Locate the Bodies of Water in Bordeaux

A
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12
Q

What is the importance of the Gironde Estuary

A

The estuary moderates the temperature in surrounding areas, creating a more temperate maritime climate. This leads to longer growing seasons and helps to prevent frost in spring, which can be crucial for the successful maturation of grapes.

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13
Q

What is the importance of the Garonne River

A

The river contributes to a microclimate that aids in the development of sweet wines, especially in regions like Sauternes, where the combination of fog and humidity from the river encourages the growth of Botrytis cinerea (noble rot). This is essential for creating the sweet wines for which Sauternes is famous

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14
Q

What is the importance of the Dordogne River

A

Similar to the Garonne, the Dordogne helps to mitigate temperature extremes and creates favorable growing conditions, enhancing the quality of grapes in the Right Bank.

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15
Q

Grapes and Style of Wine Pauillac

A

Grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc.
Styles:
Renowned for high-quality, long-lived red wines. Known for complexity, depth, and aging potential, often featuring notes of cassis, blackberry, and cedar

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16
Q

Grape and Style of wine for Margaux

A

Grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot.
Styles:
Elegant and aromatic red wines, often considered some of the finest in Bordeaux. Can have floral notes alongside dark fruit flavors.

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17
Q

Grapes and Style of wine for Saint Julien

A

Grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc.
Styles:
Full-bodied red wines known for their balance and finesse. Often exhibits rich fruit with tannin structure for aging.

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18
Q

Grapes and Style of wine for Saint-Esthephe

A

Grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cab Franc and Petit Verdot
Styles: are recognized for their robust structure, dark fruit flavors, firm tannins, and excellent aging potential. They frequently appeal to those who appreciate powerful and complex red wines

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19
Q

Grapes and Style of Wine for Pomerol

A

Grapes: Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot.
Styles:
Renowned for plush, rich Merlot-based wines. Generally softer and fruitier than those from St-Émilion, with a luscious mouthfeel

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20
Q

Grapes and style of wine for St-Emilion

A

Grapes: Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon.
Styles:
Predominantly red wines, rich and velvety, often showcasing soft tannins and a ripe, fruity profile. The region produces both lighter and more robust styles

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21
Q

What is the Bordeaux MIxture

A

Description: Bordeaux mixture is a fungicidal preparation made by mixing copper sulfate, lime, and water. It is used to prevent fungal diseases in vineyards.
Usage: The mixture is commonly applied to grapevines to protect them from downy mildew and other fungal diseases, particularly in humid regions like Bordeaux. It’s an integral part of integrated vineyard management, helping maintain the health of the vine and reduce impacts from threats like black and grey rot.

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22
Q

Chateau Lafite Rothschild

A
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23
Q

Chateau Latour

A
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24
Q

Chateau Margaux

A
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25
Q

Chateau Rauzan-Segla

A
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26
Q

Château Léoville-Las Cases

A
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27
Q

Château Léoville-Poyferré

A
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28
Q

Château Léoville-Barton

A
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29
Q

Château Durfort-Vivens

A
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30
Q

Château Brane-Cantenac

A
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31
Q

Château Cos-d’Estournel

A
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32
Q

Château Ducru-Beaucaillou

A
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33
Q

Château Gruaud-Larose

A
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34
Q

Château Lascombes

A
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35
Q

Château Montrose

A
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36
Q

Château Pichon-Longueville-Baron-de-Pichon

A
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37
Q

Château Pichon-Longueville-Comtesse-de-Lalande,

A
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38
Q

Château Rauzan-Gassies

A
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39
Q

Château Haut Brion

A
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40
Q

Château d’Yquem

A
41
Q

Château Pétrus

A
42
Q

Château Lafleur

A
43
Q

Le Pin

A
44
Q

Clos l’Eglise

A
45
Q

Château Angélus

A
46
Q

Château Ausone

A
47
Q

Château Cheval-Blanc

A
48
Q

Château Pavie

A
49
Q

Château Figeac

A
50
Q

Bordeaux Best Vintages last 15 years

A

2010, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019: Considered the best red Bordeaux vintages from the 2010s
2012, 2014, 2017, 2019: Considered the best white Bordeaux vintages from the 2010s
2020: Considered an excellent vintage, despite challenging weather and pandemic lockdowns
2018: A concentrated and structured vintage with a long picking season
2009: Legendary Vintage

51
Q

Effects of Limestone Soil on Vine Vigor

A

Limestone soils are generally beneficial for vine growth. Here are some of their effects:

Drainage: These soils promote excellent drainage, preventing root rot and other moisture-related diseases.
Nutrient Supply: They are rich in calcium carbonate, which can benefit vine health and fruit quality by enhancing vigor and nutrient uptake.
Moderation of Vigor: The mineral content can sometimes lead to moderate vine vigor, encouraging a more balanced growth and higher quality fruit.

52
Q

Chablis AOP vs. Petit Chablis AOP

A
  1. Chablis AOP:
    Location: This designation is for the top-quality white wines produced in the Chablis region. These wines come from the areas surrounding the town of Chablis, with varying degrees of slope and soil quality.
    Grapes: Exclusively made from Chardonnay.
    Characteristics: Chablis AOP wines are known for their vibrant acidity, minerality, and flavors of green apple, citrus, and often characteristic notes of flint or chalk due to the Kimmeridgian limestone soils.
  2. Petit Chablis AOP:
    Location: This designation is given to wines made from grapes sourced from the higher slopes around Chablis, often with less favorable soil conditions than those of Chablis AOP.
    Grapes: Also made from 100% Chardonnay.
    Characteristics: Petit Chablis is typically lighter and more fruit-forward than Chablis AOP, often with fresher acidity but less complexity and depth.
53
Q

Name the 7 Chablis Grand Cru

A

Les Clos
Vaudésir
Les Preuses
Bougros
Grenouilles
Blanchot
Valmur

54
Q

Important Chablis Premier Crus

A

Fourchaume
Montmains
Côte de Léchet
Vaillons
Les Forêts
Vaucoupin
Chapelot

55
Q

Grand Cru Vineyards of Gevrey-Chambertin

A

Mazis-Chambertin
Ruchottes-Chambertin
Chambertin Clos de Bèze
Chapelle-Chambertin
Griotte-Chambertin
Chambertin
Charmes-Chambertin
Latricières-Chambertin
Mazoyères-Chambertin

56
Q

Grand Cru Vineyards of Chambolle-Musigny

A

Bonnes Mares
Musigny

57
Q

Grand Cru Vineyards of Morey-St-Denis

A

Clos de la Roche
Clos Saint-Denis
Clos des Lambrays
Clos de Tart
Bonnes Mares

58
Q

Grand Cru Vineyards of Vougeot

A

Clos Vougeot

59
Q

Grand Cru Vineyards of Vosne Romanee

A

Richebourg
Romanée-Saint-Vivant
Romanée-Conti
La Romanée
La Grande Rue
La Tâche

60
Q

Grand Cru Vineyards of Ladoix-Serrigny

A

Corton (produces both red and white wines)
Corton-Charlemagne (white wine)

61
Q

Grand Cru Vineyards of Aloxe-Corton

A

Corton
Corton-Charlemagne
Charlemagne

62
Q

Grand Cru Vineyards of Pernand-Vergelesses

A

Corton
Corton-Charlemagne

63
Q

Grand Cru Vineyards of Puligny-Montrachet

A

Montrachet (shared with Chassagne-Montrachet)
Chevalier-Montrachet
Bâtard-Montrachet (shared with Chassagne-Montrachet)
Bienvenues-Bâtard-Montrachet

64
Q

Grand Cru Vineyards of Chassagne-Montrachet

A

Montrachet (shared with Puligny-Montrachet)
Bâtard-Montrachet (shared with Puligny-Montrachet)
Criots-Bâtard-Montrachet

65
Q

list of the main villages in the Côte de Nuits

A

Marsannay-la-Côte
Fixin
Brochon
Gevrey-Chambertin
Morey-Saint-Denis
Chambolle-Musigny
Vougeot
Vosne-Romanée
Flagey-Échezeaux
Nuits-Saint-Georges

66
Q

Grand Cru Vineyards of Flagey-Echezeaux

A

Echézeaux
Grands-Echézeaux

67
Q

list of the main villages in the Côte de Beaune

A

Ladoix-Serrigny
Aloxe-Corton
Pernand-Vergelesses
Savigny-lès-Beaune
Chorey-lès-Beaune
Beaune
Pommard
Volnay
Monthelie
Auxey-Duresses
Meursault
Blagny
Saint-Romain
Puligny-Montrachet
Chassagne-Montrachet
Saint-Aubin
Santenay
Maranges

68
Q

Identification of the 10 Beaujolais Crus

A

Brouilly
Chénas
Chiroubles
Côte de Brouilly
Fleurie
Juliénas
Morgon
Moulin-à-Vent
Régnié
Saint-Amour

69
Q

What is Cote du Ply

A

is a highly esteemed lieu-dit (named vineyard) located within the Morgon Cru of the Beaujolais wine region. It is renowned for producing some of the most complex and age-worthy wines in Beaujolais. The area is characterized by its unique terroir, which includes volcanic rock and schist soils, contributing to the depth and minerality of the wines. Wines from Côte du Py are often robust, with flavors of dark fruit, earth, and spice, and they can develop well with age, showing characteristics similar to those of more northern Burgundy reds. This lieu-dit is considered the heart of the Morgon appellation and is highly prized by wine enthusiasts and collectors.

70
Q

AOPs of Côte Chalonnaise

A

Bouzeron 100% Aligote
Rully
Mercurey
Givry
Montagny

71
Q

AOPs of the Mâconnais

A

Mâcon
Viré-Clessé
Pouilly-Fuissé
Pouilly-Loché
Pouilly-Vinzelles
Saint-Véran

72
Q

Pouilly-Fuisse Premier Cru

A

Chaintré
Fuissé
Solutré-Pouilly
Vergisson

73
Q

What is a lieu dit

A

In many cases, a lieu-dit might not have official status like a Premier or Grand Cru, but it can be recognized for its distinct qualities and tradition. Wines from a particular lieu-dit are often characterized by the specific terroir of that site, which can impart unique flavors and characteristics to the wine.

74
Q

What is a lieux dit

A

In regions like Burgundy, the concept of lieux-dits is especially important due to the diverse and fragmented terroir. Each plot may produce wine with subtly different attributes, even if they are located relatively close to one another. Labeling wines with the lieu-dit name allows producers to highlight these distinctions to consumers who appreciate the nuances of terroir-driven wines.

Carlos Santiago
Distinguish major Négociants from Domaines.
Chablis: Dauvissat, Raveneau
Côte d’Or: DRC, Leroy, Coche-Dury, Domaine Leflaive,
Roulot
Larger Négociants: Louis Jadot, Louis Latour, Albert
Bichot, Bouchard Père et Fils/William Fèvre, Drouhin,
Faiveley
GPT-4

In the wine industry, especially in regions like Burgundy, there are two primary types of producers: Domaines (Domaine) and Négociants. Here’s a breakdown of their distinctions, along with examples you provided:

Domaines
Definition: A domaine refers to a wine estate that produces wine from its own vineyard holdings. The wines are made from grapes grown on the property, and the estate typically controls every aspect of the winemaking process, from vineyard management to bottling.
Characteristics: Domaines often have a specific vision for their wines and are usually more focused on quality, terroir, and traditional methods. The wines can vary significantly based on vineyard specificities.
Examples:
Dauvissat: Known for high-quality Chablis wines, often showcasing minerality and ageability.
Raveneau: Also a prestigious Chablis producer, famous for its exceptional Grand Cru and Premier Cru bottlings.
Domaine de la Romanée-Conti (DRC): One of the most famous domaines in Burgundy, producing some of the most sought-after Pinot Noir wines in the world.
Leroy: Another highly regarded Burgundy domaine, producing wines from some of the finest vineyards with exceptional attention to detail.
Coche-Dury: Known for its iconic white Burgundy wines, especially from Meursault.
Domaine Leflaive: Highly respected for its biodynamic practices and exquisite white wines, particularly from Puligny-Montrachet.
Roulot: Famous for its white wines from Meursault.
Négociants
Definition: A négociant is a wine merchant or trader who purchases grapes, must, or finished wines from various growers and producers to create their own blended wines. They do not necessarily own the vineyards from which the grapes are sourced.
Characteristics: Négociants can offer a broader range of wines by sourcing from multiple vineyards and regions. They often have a greater volume of production but may prioritize consistency or market demand over the unique characteristics of specific terroirs.
Examples:
Louis Jadot: One of the largest and most recognized Burgundy négociants, known for producing a wide range of wines.
Louis Latour: A well-established négociant with a history in Burgundy, offering wines from its own vineyards and sourced grapes.
Albert Bichot: A prominent négociant known for its extensive portfolio of Burgundy wines.
Bouchard Père et Fils / William Fèvre: Both firms produce wines from various vineyards, with William Fèvre specializing in Chablis.
Drouhin: A respected négociant producing a range of wines across Burgundy.
Faiveley: A notable Burgundy négociant with a reputation for quality wines sourced from different appellations.
Summary
In summary, Domaines focus on producing wine exclusively from their own vineyards, emphasizing terroir and individual vineyard characteristics, while Négociants source grapes or finished wine from various producers to create a broader range of products. Each plays a crucial role in the Burgundy wine landscape, contributing to the diversity and availability of wines from this prestigious region.

75
Q

What is a Domaine

A

Definition: A domaine refers to a wine estate that produces wine from its own vineyard holdings. The wines are made from grapes grown on the property, and the estate typically controls every aspect of the winemaking process, from vineyard management to bottling.
Characteristics: Domaines often have a specific vision for their wines and are usually more focused on quality, terroir, and traditional methods. The wines can vary significantly based on vineyard specificities.
Examples:
Dauvissat: Known for high-quality Chablis wines, often showcasing minerality and ageability.
Raveneau: Also a prestigious Chablis producer, famous for its exceptional Grand Cru and Premier Cru bottlings.
Domaine de la Romanée-Conti (DRC): One of the most famous domaines in Burgundy, producing some of the most sought-after Pinot Noir wines in the world.
Leroy: Another highly regarded Burgundy domaine, producing wines from some of the finest vineyards with exceptional attention to detail.
Coche-Dury: Known for its iconic white Burgundy wines, especially from Meursault.
Domaine Leflaive: Highly respected for its biodynamic practices and exquisite white wines, particularly from Puligny-Montrachet.
Roulot: Famous for its white wines from Meursault.

76
Q

What is a Négociants

A

Definition: A négociant is a wine merchant or trader who purchases grapes, must, or finished wines from various growers and producers to create their own blended wines. They do not necessarily own the vineyards from which the grapes are sourced.
Characteristics: Négociants can offer a broader range of wines by sourcing from multiple vineyards and regions. They often have a greater volume of production but may prioritize consistency or market demand over the unique characteristics of specific terroirs.
Examples:
Louis Jadot: One of the largest and most recognized Burgundy négociants, known for producing a wide range of wines.
Louis Latour: A well-established négociant with a history in Burgundy, offering wines from its own vineyards and sourced grapes.
Albert Bichot: A prominent négociant known for its extensive portfolio of Burgundy wines.
Bouchard Père et Fils / William Fèvre: Both firms produce wines from various vineyards, with William Fèvre specializing in Chablis.
Drouhin: A respected négociant producing a range of wines across Burgundy.
Faiveley: A notable Burgundy négociant with a reputation for quality wines sourced from different appellations.

77
Q

general quality levels of vintages in the past 10
years.

A

2023: Outstanding
Generally considered an excellent vintage, characterized by ripe fruit and good acidity. Some producers reported lower yields due to weather conditions but the quality is promising.
2022: Exceptional
Another outstanding year with hot weather leading to ripe and concentrated wines. Quality is very high across most appellations, and many producers are extremely positive about this vintage.
2021: Very Good
A challenging year with frost impacting yields, particularly in the Côte de Beaune. However, the wines produced are showing finesse and balance, with good acidity.
2020: Very Good to Excellent
Warm conditions led to ripe and expressive wines, but some producers faced challenges with overripeness. Overall, a successful vintage but with variability depending on vineyard management.
2019: Very Good to Excellent
A warm vintage that produced rich and fruity wines. The wines tend to have good structure and balance, appealing for both immediate enjoyment and aging.
2018: Excellent
A hot vintage that yielded very ripe fruit, particularly in the reds. The whites are also of good quality, but some may lack acidity.
2017: Good to Very Good
A cooler vintage with some challenges, but many producers achieved good results. Wines show elegance and finesse, particularly whites, but were more variable than in warmer years.
2016: Very Good to Excellent
A vintage marked by lower yields but high quality. The wines are complex, with good aging potential, particularly in the Côte d’Or.
2015: Outstanding
Considered one of the great vintages of the decade, producing ripe and concentrated wines with depth. The quality across various appellations was very high.
2014: Good to Very Good
A vintage that had an early harvest due to good weather conditions. The resulting wines are fresh and aromatic, showing good potential for aging.

78
Q

What is Marc de Bourgogne

A

type of pomace brandy produced in the Burgundy region of France. It is made by distilling the pomace (the solid remains) left over after pressing grapes for wine

79
Q

Pays Nantais Overview

A

Location: The westernmost part of the Loire Valley, near the Atlantic Coast.
Climate
Type: Cool and wet maritime climate, influenced by proximity to the Atlantic Ocean.
Key Appellations
Muscadet AOP: The most well-known appellation for white wine in this region.
Muscadet Sèvre-et-Maine AOP: A sub-appellation recognized for higher quality Muscadet wines.
Grape Varieties
Melon de Bourgogne: Often referred to as Melon B, this is the primary grape variety grown here.
Winemaking Techniques
Sur Lie Aging: This technique is common in Muscadet production. Wines are aged on their lees (yeast particles left after fermentation) for added texture and complexity.
Wine Characteristics
Profile: Typically light, crisp, and dry with pronounced acidity. Flavors often include green apple, citrus, and a slight mineral quality.
Food Pairings
Pairings: Muscadet wines are classic matches with seafood, particularly shellfish such as oysters, due to their bright acidity and refreshing nature.
Important Notes for Sommeliers
Service: These wines are best served chilled to emphasize their crispness and acidity.
Recognizing Quality: Look for wines labeled as “sur lie” for added complexity and texture compared to standard Muscadet wines.

80
Q

Anjou-Saumur Overview

A

Location: Positioned inland, east of Pays Nantais, transitioning towards more continental climate influences.
Climate
Type: Maritime moving toward continental, with humid conditions that can be beneficial for certain styles of wine production, particularly sweet wines.
Key Appellations
Saumur AOP: Known for sparkling wines, as well as red and white wines.
Saumur-Champigny AOP: Primarily produces red wines based on Cabernet Franc.
Savennières AOP: Highly regarded for its dry Chenin Blanc wines, known for their complexity and aging potential.
Quarts-de-Chaume AOP & Bonnezeaux AOP: Renowned for luscious botrytized sweet wines made from Chenin Blanc.
Grape Varieties
Chenin Blanc: The dominant grape for both dry and sweet whites.
Cabernet Franc: Used for red wines, particularly in Saumur-Champigny.
Winemaking Styles
Chenin Blanc Wines: Range from dry (Savennières) to sweet (Quarts-de-Chaume, Bonnezeaux) due to the region’s humid conditions which favor noble rot.
Sparkling Wines: Produced primarily using the traditional method, particularly in Saumur.
Wine Characteristics
Chenin Blanc: Known for its versatility, wines can range from mineral and flinty to richly sweet with honeyed notes.
Cabernet Franc: Often fresh, with red berry flavors, light tannins, and herbal or earthy notes.
Food Pairings
Dry Chenin Blanc (e.g., Savennières): Pairs well with poultry, fish with rich sauces, and creamy cheeses.
Sweet Chenin Blanc (Quarts-de-Chaume, Bonnezeaux): Complements blue cheeses, fruit desserts, and is a classic match with foie gras.
Cabernet Franc (Saumur-Champigny): Matches nicely with grilled meats, charcuterie, and lamb dishes.
Service Notes
Sparkling and White Wines: Best served chilled to highlight their acidity and showcase their aromatic profiles.
Red Wines: Slightly cooler than room temperature to preserve their freshness and fruit characteristics.

81
Q

Touraine Overview

A

Location: Situated in the heart of the Loire Valley, east of Anjou-Saumur.
Climate: Primarily continental, with some maritime influence, offering a balanced climate for diverse wine production.
Key Appellations
Chinon AOP: Known for red wines made primarily from Cabernet Franc, with some rosé and white wines.
Bourgueil AOP: Similar to Chinon, focusing on red wines from Cabernet Franc.
Vouvray AOP: Acclaimed for its versatile Chenin Blanc wines, which can range from dry to sweet, still to sparkling.
Grape Varieties
Chenin Blanc: Predominant in Vouvray, capable of producing a wide range of styles from sparkling to luscious sweet wines.
Cabernet Franc: The principal grape for red wines, particularly in Chinon and Bourgueil, often exhibiting flavors of red berries and earthy, herbal notes.
Wine Styles
Vouvray: Can be sparkling (known as Pétillant or Crémant), dry (Sec), off-dry (Demi-Sec), and sweet (Moelleux).
Chinon and Bourgueil: Primarily focus on red wines with good aging potential, characterized by vibrant acidity and complex aromatics.
Wine Characteristics
Chenin Blanc from Vouvray: Offers flavors ranging from green apple and pear in dry styles to honey and apricot in sweet wines, with a distinct minerality.
Cabernet Franc: Typically medium-bodied with soft tannins, expressing notes of raspberry, bell pepper, and subtle spices.
Food Pairings
Vouvray:
Dry or sparkling Vouvray pairs well with seafood, white meats, and salads.
Sweeter styles complement dishes like creamy cheeses, fruit desserts, or spicy Asian cuisine.
Chinon/Bourgueil:
These wines pair excellently with roasted meats, charcuterie, and goat cheese, often highlighting the wine’s herbal and earthy tones.
Service Notes
Sparkling and Dry Vouvray: Serve chilled to enhance their crispness and aromatic qualities.
Red Wines (Chinon/Bourgueil): Best served slightly cooler than room temperature to maintain their fruity and fresh characteristics.

82
Q

Central Vineyards Overview

A

Location: Eastern Loire Valley, more inland compared to other regions, with a continental climate.
Climate: Continental, characterized by cold winters and warm summers, which influences grape ripening and wine styles.
Key Appellations
Sancerre AOP: Known for its Sauvignon Blanc and increasingly respected for Pinot Noir. The wines are often crisp, with pronounced acidity and minerality.
Pouilly-Fumé AOP: Also focused on Sauvignon Blanc, noted for its smoky, flinty character derived from the silex (flint) soils.
Other Appellations: Includes Menetou-Salon, Quincy, and Reuilly, which also produce predominantly Sauvignon Blanc and some Pinot Noir.
Grape Varieties
Sauvignon Blanc: Dominates the region, producing wines with fresh acidity, citrus, and green fruit flavors, often with a mineral edge.
Pinot Noir: Used primarily for red wines in Sancerre, known for their light body and vibrant red fruit profile.
Soil Types
Silex (Flint): Contributes to the distinctive smoky minerality of Pouilly-Fumé.
Kimmeridgian Marl: Similar to Chablis, lends complexity and body to the wines.
Limestone and Clay: Common in Sancerre, impacting acidity and freshness.
Wine Styles
Sauvignon Blanc: Recognized for its purity and expression of terroir, wines can show notes of lime, gooseberry, green apple, and sometimes a hint of white flowers or herbs.
Pinot Noir: Offers flavors of cherries, raspberries, and sometimes earthy notes, with a bright acidity.
Food Pairings
Sauvignon Blanc: Classic pairings include goat cheese (especially from the local area, like Crottin de Chavignol), oysters, and light salads. The acidity and minerality of these wines make them versatile with seafood and fish dishes.
Pinot Noir: Matches well with roasted chicken, grilled salmon, and dishes with earthy components like mushrooms.
Service Notes
White Wines: Best served chilled to enhance their refreshing qualities and aromatic profile.
Red Wines (Pinot Noir): Serve slightly cooler than room temperature to preserve their delicate aromas and acidity.
By mastering these key aspects of the Central Vineyards, you will be well-prepared to discuss, recommend, and pair wines from this region effectively. This knowledge will also be invaluable in appreciating the characteristic terroir-driven style and quality of these wines. Let me know if you need further information or have additional questions!

83
Q

Iconic Producers Loire Valley

A

Domaine Huet for Vouvray, and Nicolas Joly, known for biodynamic practices in Savennières.

84
Q

Permited Grape Varieties in Northern Rhone

A

Côte-Rôtie AOP:
Red: Primarily Syrah, with up to 20% Viognier allowed for co-fermentation to enhance aromatics and complexity.

Condrieu AOP:
White: Exclusively Viognier.

Saint-Joseph AOP:
Red: Predominantly Syrah.
White: Marsanne and Roussanne.

Hermitage AOP:
Red: Mainly Syrah, with the option to include up to 15% of Marsanne and Roussanne.
White: Marsanne and Roussanne.

Crozes-Hermitage AOP:
Red: Primarily Syrah, with a similar option to include Marsanne and Roussanne.
White: Marsanne and Roussanne.

Cornas AOP:
Red: 100% Syrah (no white varieties allowed).

Saint-Péray AOP:
White: Primarily Marsanne and Roussanne, producing both still and sparkling wines.

85
Q

Southern Rhône:
- Learn examples of Côtes-du-Rhône Villages

A

Cairanne: Known for well-structured, full-bodied reds with flavors of dark fruit, spice, and earthy undertones. Cairanne was promoted to a standalone AOC in 2016, which highlights its quality.

Rasteau: Famous for robust reds that often exhibit flavors of ripe black fruit, spices, and garrigue. Rasteau is also renowned for its Vin Doux Naturel, a sweet fortified wine.

Gigondas: Produces powerful and complex wines, mostly red, with flavors of cherry, plum, and herbs. Although often compared to Châteauneuf-du-Pape, Gigondas has its own distinct style.

Vacqueyras: Known for hearty red wines with profiles of dark fruit, pepper, and earthy notes. Vacqueyras wines are structured and age-worthy, often compared to those of Gigondas and Châteauneuf-du-Pape.

Beaumes-de-Venise: While it produces red wines under the Côtes-du-Rhône Villages designation, Beaumes-de-Venise is more renowned for its Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise, a sweet white wine.

Vinsobres: Recognized for elegant and aromatic wines, often blending Grenache and Syrah, which provide a balance of fruit and spice.

86
Q

Minimum Grenache requirements of Southern Rhône
AOPs.

A

Côtes du Rhône
Red wines must contain at least 40% Grenache, and red wines from anywhere in the appellation must contain at least 15% Syrah and/or Mourvedre.
Côtes du Rhône Villages
Red wines must contain at least 50% Grenache, and 20% Syrah and/or Mourvedre.
Lirac AOC
Red wines must contain at least 40% Grenache, and 25% Syrah and/or Mourvedre.

87
Q

Non-Grandes Marques Producers:

A

Jacques Selosse

Known for innovative techniques and a focus on expressing terroir with intensity.

Egly-Ouriet
This producer is highly regarded for powerful, complex Champagnes and a focus on the Ambonnay terroir.

Billecart-Salmon
Renowned for their attention to detail and finesse, especially noted for their Rosé Champagne.

88
Q

Grandes Marques with prestige cuvee

A

Ayala - Prestige Cuvée: Cuvée Perle d’Ayala
Billecart-Salmon - Prestige Cuvée: Cuvée Nicolas François Billecart
Bollinger - Prestige Cuvée: La Grande Année and Vieilles Vignes Françaises
Canard-Duchêne - Prestige Cuvée: Charles VII
Deutz - Prestige Cuvée: Amour de Deutz
Gosset - Prestige Cuvée: Celebris
Charles Heidsieck - Prestige Cuvée: Blanc des Millénaires
Heidsieck & Co Monopole - Prestige Cuvée: Cuvée Diamant Bleu
Krug - Prestige Cuvée: Krug Grande Cuvée and Clos du Mesnil
Lanson - Prestige Cuvée: Noble Cuvée
Laurent-Perrier - Prestige Cuvée: Grand Siècle
Mercier - While not traditionally known for a single “prestige cuvée,” Mercier offers high-quality selections, but their core line is more widely recognized.
Moët & Chandon - Prestige Cuvée: Dom Pérignon (marketed separately but produced by Moët & Chandon)
GH Mumm - Prestige Cuvée: R. Lalou
Joseph Perrier - Prestige Cuvée: Cuvée Joséphine
Perrier-Jouët - Prestige Cuvée: Belle Époque
Piper-Heidsieck - Prestige Cuvée: Rare
Pol Roger - Prestige Cuvée: Cuvée Sir Winston Churchill
Pommery - Prestige Cuvée: Cuvée Louise
Louis Roederer - Prestige Cuvée: Cristal
Ruinart - Prestige Cuvée: Dom Ruinart
Salon - Prestige Cuvée: Salon Le Mesnil
Taittinger - Prestige Cuvée: Comtes de Champagne
Veuve Clicquot - Prestige Cuvée: La Grande Dame

89
Q
A

Domaine Vincey: A grower from Oger, France, known for their complex, fruit-forward wines
Jacques Selosse: A famous producer from the Côte des Blancs
Agrapart & Fils: A producer from the Côte des Blancs
Ruppert Leroy: An organic and biodynamic estate that produces precise, clean wines

90
Q

Montagne de Reims:

A

Grapes: Primarily Pinot Noir, with some Chardonnay and Pinot Meunier.
Soil: Predominantly chalk soils, which provide excellent drainage and contribute to the minerality and freshness of the wines. The varied topography also supports the growing of powerful, structured Pinot Noir.

91
Q

Vallée de la Marne:

A

Grapes: Predominantly Pinot Meunier, with Pinot Noir and some Chardonnay.
Soil: A mix of clay, sand, and limestone. The richer, more fertile soils here favor Pinot Meunier, which ripens earlier and is more resistant to frost, producing fruit-forward and approachable wines.

92
Q

Côte des Blancs:

A

Grapes: Chardonnay is almost exclusively grown here.
Soil: Known for its pure chalk soil, which provides excellent drainage and imparts a distinct mineral quality to the wines. The Côte des Blancs is celebrated for producing elegant, high-acidity Chardonnay wines with great aging potential.

93
Q

Côte de Sézanne:

A

Grapes: Mainly Chardonnay, with some Pinot Noir.
Soil: Chalk and marl soils, with characteristics similar to the Côte des Blancs but generally producing fruitier and softer Chardonnay wines.

94
Q

Aube (Côte des Bar)

A

Grapes: Predominantly Pinot Noir.
Soil: Kimmeridgian marl, which is similar to soils found in Chablis. The region’s warmer climate and soil type contribute to richer, fruitier Pinot Noir, often blended to add body and complexity to Champagne.

95
Q

List the Regions of Champagne

A

Montagne de Reims
Vallée de la Marne
Côte des Blancs
Côte de Sézanne
Aube (also known as Côte des Bar)

96
Q

What is Edelzwicker

A

Meaning: The name translates to “noble blend” in German, although the term “noble” doesn’t imply the use of noble varieties exclusively.
Characteristics: Edelzwicker is a blend of different grape varieties, and there are no strict rules regarding the proportions or types of grapes used. While it can include noble varieties such as Riesling, Gewurztraminer, Pinot Gris, and Muscat, it often features other grapes like Sylvaner, Pinot Blanc, and Chasselas as well.
Style: It is typically a straightforward, everyday wine that is light, refreshing, and easy to drink.

97
Q

What is Gentil

A

Definition: Gentil is a higher-quality designation for blends that include a significant proportion of noble grape varieties.
Requirements: To be labeled as Gentil, the blend must consist of at least 50% noble varieties (Riesling, Gewurztraminer, Pinot Gris, and Muscat), with the rest made up of other permitted Alsace varieties. Additionally, each component of the blend must be vinified separately and must achieve AOC Alsace quality status before being blended to produce Gentil.
Style: Gentil wines tend to show more complexity and character than typical Edelzwicker, offering a more refined expression of Alsace blending traditions.

98
Q

Examples of important Alsace Grands Crus Vineyards

A

Schlossberg: The first vineyard to be granted Grand Cru status
Rangen
Kaefferkopf: allows Blends
Zotzenberg: allows Sylvaner
Hengst: Allows Pinot Noir
Kirchberg de Barr: Allows Pinot Noir
Altenberg de Bergheim: Allows Blends
Goldert
Brand

99
Q
A

Certified Sommelier (3 decks)

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