frameworks

Question 1

pragmatic

Answer 1

•context- circumstances in which it takes place. May be aware of context in order to understand meaning
•grice’s maxims- unspoken rule which allows a convo to operate successfully
-quality
-quantity
-manner
-relevance
•implicature- implied meaning
•phatic talk- lang used to establish or develop social contact
•convergence/divergence- speakers adjust lang in relation to the people they are interacting with. Convergence is when accents & dialects are more similar. Divergence is when differences are more pronounced

Question 2

syntax

Answer 2

•dialect- distinct vocab, grammar & syntax
•subject- noun phrase or pronoun which is the actor of the verb within a clause
•object- np or pronoun which is governed or affected by the verb within a clause
-direct- directly affected
-indirect- object received the action of the verb
-object/preposition- noun or np governed by or linked with a preposition
-predicate- part of a sentence which contains the verb & offers info about the subject
•phrase- group of words that function as a single syntactical unit
-noun phrase- head word is noun, usually structured as determiner & noun
-modified np- np which includes adjective
-adjective phrase- structured as adverb & adjective
-adverbial phrase- structured as two or more adj
-verb phrase- structured as auxiliary verb & main verb
•clause- group of words, larger than phrase, contain finite verb
-main/independent- subject & predicate & expresses complete concept
-subordinate/dependent- depends on mc to make sense
-coordinate- mc which is preceded by coordinate conjunction, connecting it to another main clause
•declarative, interrogative, exclamative, imperative
•active & passive voice
•deixis- rely on context to convey meaning

Question 3

subordinate clause types

Answer 3

•adverbial- refers to grammatical function (word, phrase, clause)
-a clause will function as an adverbial if it begins with a subordinating conjunction e.g after, as
-will add detail by telling how, where when why what
-if the adverbial comes before mc, it should be followed by a comma
•relative clause- begins with a relative pronoun & functions like a single adjective to describe a noun e.g that, which
-a rc does the same thing as a single adjective
-if a rc is needed to identify which person, place or thing is meant, it is a defining clause. Non-defining clause adds info
•nominate relative clause/ noun clause- functions like a single noun or pronoun to name a person, place or thing
-can function in any of the ways a noun or single pronoun can in a sentence
•non-finite clause- contains a verb but has no subject (the verb refers to a subject in another clause)
-the verb in a non-finite clause is a non-finite form (participle or an infinitive)
-a nfc containing a present participle or past participle is a participle clause
-a nfc containing the infinitive form of a verb is an infinitive clause