Frames & Social Construction Flashcards by Jade Morter

2 main things involved in framing

Selection and Salience

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Selection

selected aspects change perspective

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Salience

quality of being noticeable or important

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frames change the way in which we

view things

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What do frames define?

Limits: what is in and out of the image

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4 functions of frames

Define
Diagnose
Prescribe Judgements
Prescribe Remedy

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Sentence meaning in framing

any particular image of a frame

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4 locations of frames

Communicator
“Text”
Receiver
Culture

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What is in the frame of the communicator

makes judgements of what to say

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tacit knowledge

things you know but you have trouble communicating

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Frames in text

contains frames revealed by presence or absence of key info

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receiver frame incolces

each person is guided by their own frames that influence how each decodes the message

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cultural frames

source stock of commonly used frames that are available in social groups

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How do frames work?

Absence and Presence: Leaving things out of the picture gives off a different interpretation

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Berger and Luckman suggest that people make sense of experiences by…

construction a model of the social world, particularly through language

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Social Construction of reality

every social group constructs their reality through shared experiences.

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What does framing provide?

Audience autonomy and journalistic objectivity

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Audience autonomy

Don’t consider how audiences might react but how they will react. Consider how the message will be reframed by the audience

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Journalistic Objectivity

journalists may convey a dominant frame under pretense of “objectivity” by excluding certain frames

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How to do content analysis

try to describe frames as not all negative or positive frames are equal: avoid this

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Public Intellectual

a figure/face of science that public can trust

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When was the golden age of science?

After world war 2 (man on the moon)

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The Deficit Model

attributes public skepticism to science to a lack of understanding, resulting from a lack of information.

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Assumptions of Deficit Model

that facts speak for themselves

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What acts as a mediator in the communication of health and science?

Frames

The 8 Frames

1. Social Progress 2. Economic Development 3. Morality and Ethics 4. Scientific/Technical Uncertainty 5. Runaway Science 6. Public Accountability 7. Middle Way/Alternative Path 8. Conflict/Strategy

Social Progress Frame

improve quality of life

Economic Development Frame

Competition and market benefit

Morality/Ethics Frame

Religion and inhumane research

Scientific/Technical Uncertainty Frame

A matter of expert understanding, or do you go ahead with the work?

Runaway Science Frame

can we control science?

Public Accountability Frame

Who is responsible for the topic? Government of individuals?

Middle Way Frame

Compromisable

Conflict/Strategy Frame

Is there a deal between groups?

How do we move scientific communication forward?

Graduate training, meaningful public dialogue, scientific literacy curriculum

Four aspects of the critical model

1. Identify and challenge assumptions 2. Challenge the importance of context 3. Imagine and explore alternatives 4. Leading to selective skepticism

What is the ratio of U.S pharmaceutical expenditures on market vs. consumers?

8:1

Frame for drug-free america

frames illegal drugs as opposition to legit. Appear legit to consumers to get them to buy what we want

How does Big Pharma sell a treatment?

By selling a disease

Media Literacy

Analyzing an adverstisement and the ability to access, analyze, evaluate and communicate messages in a wide variety of forms

The classical body

fit, greek idea of a citizen, ruled by reason, productive and beautiful

Carnicalesque

a citizen where body rules the mind, passion>reason

How is obesity always framed in our society?

Less equal

Implicit and Explicit frames of obesity

Implicit: self control is required in consumption. Explicit: fat bodies are outed (stigmatized)

Systemic Frame of Obesity

Obesity is the consequence of large social forces that need government intervention

Individualized frame of obesity?

individuals need to take responsibility for own health

Life Logging

wearable technology to moniter body

Is technology neutral?/

No, it bestows knowledge and meaning upon users

Healthism

goal of good health

Gary Taubes wrote about

"The Case Against Sugar"

Lisa Clark and Michaela Kent wrote about

GM Foods Debate

Enduring Conflict Framework

No promise of resolution, but sustainable dialogue to develop progress that may add value

3 types of GMO and crops

Domestic (corn), Imported (milk), Upcoming (apples)

What is monsanto

a publicly traded American multinational agrochemical and agricultural biotechnology corporation.

Biofortification

The creation of plants that make or accumulate micronutrients

Concerns of Clark, Kent and Ryan

concerned public vs. industry and business friendly governments. Whether regulations impede or help GMO businesses

Four parts to regulatory structures

1. Structure 2. government 3. Industry 4. Overlap

Wicked Problem

Difficult problem to solve because of incomplete or changing requirements that are often difficult to recognize

Prevention principle

prevent creation of risk at source rather than counteracting effects

Clark, Kent and Ryan two strategies to articulate conflict

1. core values | 2. core needs

Foust and Murphy wrote about

Big Planet

Big Planet is under what frame?

Apocolyptic

Elliot wrote about

big bodies

Thomas Kuhn wrote about

Big Science (Revolutions) and processes by which scientific discoveries occur

6 stages of scientific revolution

1. Normal Science 2. Puzzle Solving 3. Paradigm 4. Anomaly 5. Crisis 6. Revolution (paradign shift)

Normal science & puzzle solving

the process of working on the puzzle in a current field of knowledge

Kuhn's 3 types of problems

1. Determining significant facts 2. Matching facts with theory 3. Articulating theory

What are integral to normal science?

Paradigms (achievements)

Anomaly

the appearance of something unexpected by the theory that a current paradigm can't explain

Crisis

the upheaval that is caused in the theory that explains the anomaly

Incommensurability

during the stage of a revolution, new ideas cannot be strictly compared to the old ones. The meanings of terms may have changed.

A new theory doesn't replace an old one because it is more true, but...

rather because of the change in world view

Lupton talked about

Big Data and quantifying the body