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Health and Science Critical Perspectives > Frames & Social Construction > Flashcards

Frames & Social Construction Flashcards

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1
Q

2 main things involved in framing

A

Selection and Salience

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2
Q

Selection

A

selected aspects change perspective

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3
Q

Salience

A

quality of being noticeable or important

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4
Q

frames change the way in which we

A

view things

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5
Q

What do frames define?

A

Limits: what is in and out of the image

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6
Q

4 functions of frames

A
  1. Define
  2. Diagnose
  3. Prescribe Judgements
  4. Prescribe Remedy
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7
Q

Sentence meaning in framing

A

any particular image of a frame

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8
Q

4 locations of frames

A
  1. Communicator
  2. “Text”
  3. Receiver
  4. Culture
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9
Q

What is in the frame of the communicator

A

makes judgements of what to say

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10
Q

tacit knowledge

A

things you know but you have trouble communicating

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11
Q

Frames in text

A

contains frames revealed by presence or absence of key info

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12
Q

receiver frame incolces

A

each person is guided by their own frames that influence how each decodes the message

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13
Q

cultural frames

A

source stock of commonly used frames that are available in social groups

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14
Q

How do frames work?

A

Absence and Presence: Leaving things out of the picture gives off a different interpretation

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15
Q

Berger and Luckman suggest that people make sense of experiences by…

A

construction a model of the social world, particularly through language

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16
Q

Social Construction of reality

A

every social group constructs their reality through shared experiences.

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17
Q

What does framing provide?

A

Audience autonomy and journalistic objectivity

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18
Q

Audience autonomy

A

Don’t consider how audiences might react but how they will react. Consider how the message will be reframed by the audience

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19
Q

Journalistic Objectivity

A

journalists may convey a dominant frame under pretense of “objectivity” by excluding certain frames

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20
Q

How to do content analysis

A

try to describe frames as not all negative or positive frames are equal: avoid this

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21
Q

Public Intellectual

A

a figure/face of science that public can trust

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22
Q

When was the golden age of science?

A

After world war 2 (man on the moon)

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23
Q

The Deficit Model

A

attributes public skepticism to science to a lack of understanding, resulting from a lack of information.

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24
Q

Assumptions of Deficit Model

A

that facts speak for themselves

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25
Q

What acts as a mediator in the communication of health and science?

A

Frames

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26
Q

The 8 Frames

A
  1. Social Progress
  2. Economic Development
  3. Morality and Ethics
  4. Scientific/Technical Uncertainty
  5. Runaway Science
  6. Public Accountability
  7. Middle Way/Alternative Path
  8. Conflict/Strategy
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27
Q

Social Progress Frame

A

improve quality of life

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28
Q

Economic Development Frame

A

Competition and market benefit

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29
Q

Morality/Ethics Frame

A

Religion and inhumane research

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30
Q

Scientific/Technical Uncertainty Frame

A

A matter of expert understanding, or do you go ahead with the work?

31
Q

Runaway Science Frame

A

can we control science?

32
Q

Public Accountability Frame

A

Who is responsible for the topic? Government of individuals?

33
Q

Middle Way Frame

A

Compromisable

34
Q

Conflict/Strategy Frame

A

Is there a deal between groups?

35
Q

How do we move scientific communication forward?

A

Graduate training, meaningful public dialogue, scientific literacy curriculum

36
Q

Four aspects of the critical model

A
  1. Identify and challenge assumptions
  2. Challenge the importance of context
  3. Imagine and explore alternatives
  4. Leading to selective skepticism
37
Q

What is the ratio of U.S pharmaceutical expenditures on market vs. consumers?

A

8:1

38
Q

Frame for drug-free america

A

frames illegal drugs as opposition to legit. Appear legit to consumers to get them to buy what we want

39
Q

How does Big Pharma sell a treatment?

A

By selling a disease

40
Q

Media Literacy

A

Analyzing an adverstisement and the ability to access, analyze, evaluate and communicate messages in a wide variety of forms

41
Q

The classical body

A

fit, greek idea of a citizen, ruled by reason, productive and beautiful

42
Q

Carnicalesque

A

a citizen where body rules the mind, passion>reason

43
Q

How is obesity always framed in our society?

A

Less equal

44
Q

Implicit and Explicit frames of obesity

A

Implicit: self control is required in consumption.
Explicit: fat bodies are outed (stigmatized)

45
Q

Systemic Frame of Obesity

A

Obesity is the consequence of large social forces that need government intervention

46
Q

Individualized frame of obesity?

A

individuals need to take responsibility for own health

47
Q

Life Logging

A

wearable technology to moniter body

48
Q

Is technology neutral?/

A

No, it bestows knowledge and meaning upon users

49
Q

Healthism

A

goal of good health

50
Q

Gary Taubes wrote about

A

“The Case Against Sugar”

51
Q

Lisa Clark and Michaela Kent wrote about

A

GM Foods Debate

52
Q

Enduring Conflict Framework

A

No promise of resolution, but sustainable dialogue to develop progress that may add value

53
Q

3 types of GMO and crops

A

Domestic (corn), Imported (milk), Upcoming (apples)

54
Q

What is monsanto

A

a publicly traded American multinational agrochemical and agricultural biotechnology corporation.

55
Q

Biofortification

A

The creation of plants that make or accumulate micronutrients

56
Q

Concerns of Clark, Kent and Ryan

A

concerned public vs. industry and business friendly governments. Whether regulations impede or help GMO businesses

57
Q

Four parts to regulatory structures

A
  1. Structure
  2. government
  3. Industry
  4. Overlap
58
Q

Wicked Problem

A

Difficult problem to solve because of incomplete or changing requirements that are often difficult to recognize

59
Q

Prevention principle

A

prevent creation of risk at source rather than counteracting effects

60
Q

Clark, Kent and Ryan two strategies to articulate conflict

A
  1. core values

2. core needs

61
Q

Foust and Murphy wrote about

A

Big Planet

62
Q

Big Planet is under what frame?

A

Apocolyptic

63
Q

Elliot wrote about

A

big bodies

64
Q

Thomas Kuhn wrote about

A

Big Science (Revolutions) and processes by which scientific discoveries occur

65
Q

6 stages of scientific revolution

A
  1. Normal Science
  2. Puzzle Solving
  3. Paradigm
  4. Anomaly
  5. Crisis
  6. Revolution (paradign shift)
66
Q

Normal science & puzzle solving

A

the process of working on the puzzle in a current field of knowledge

67
Q

Kuhn’s 3 types of problems

A
  1. Determining significant facts
  2. Matching facts with theory
  3. Articulating theory
68
Q

What are integral to normal science?

A

Paradigms (achievements)

69
Q

Anomaly

A

the appearance of something unexpected by the theory that a current paradigm can’t explain

70
Q

Crisis

A

the upheaval that is caused in the theory that explains the anomaly

71
Q

Incommensurability

A

during the stage of a revolution, new ideas cannot be strictly compared to the old ones. The meanings of terms may have changed.

72
Q

A new theory doesn’t replace an old one because it is more true, but…

A

rather because of the change in world view

73
Q

Lupton talked about

A

Big Data and quantifying the body

Health and Science Critical Perspectives (5 decks)

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