Fracturi Flashcards

1
Q

Mecanisme de producere

A

Direct
Indirect:
1. Flexiune - fractura in zona de maxima curbura; traiect oblic scurt/oblic lung; ex. fr clavicula
2. Torsiune - fractura spiroida cu/fara fragment intermediar
3. Compresiune in lungul axului - cominutive/tasare
4. Tractiune/smulgere - contractii musculare violente; ex smulgerea marii tub humerale de m coafei rotatorilor
Mixt

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2
Q

Clasificarea fracturilor

A

A. Lezarea tegumentului: deschise/inchise
B. Prognostica: stabile (transv, fisuri, lemn verde)/instabile (oblice, spiroide, fragment intermediar)
C. Anatomopatologic: Incomplete - Ruperea incompleta, deformarea in grosime, infundarea, fisurile (lez unei singure corticale)
Complete: Nivel - diafizare, metafizare/juxtaarticulare, epifizare/articulare
Traiect - fr directa: transversal, oblic scurt, cominutiv
-fr indirecta: oblic lung, spiroid
Nr fragm - 2, fragm intermediar, cominutive
D. Mod de deplasare: Translatia/Ascensiunea/ Rotatia(decalaj)/Angularea/Impactarea/Deplasarea complexa

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3
Q

Clasificarea AO

A

Prima cifra - localizare: 1. Brat, 2. Antebrat, 3. Coapsa, 4. Gamba, 5. Coloana, 6. Bazin, 7. Mana, 8. Picior, 9. Cent scapulara
A doua cifra - localizare: 1. Ep proximala, 2. Diafiza, 3. Ep distala, 4. Maleola
Litera - A: 2 fragmente, B: 3 fragmente, C: Cominutiva, D: Neclasificabile
A treia cifra - Subtipul de fractura A/B/C
A patra cifra - localizare pe diafiza: 1. Proximal, 2. Mediu, 3. Distal

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4
Q

Fracturi de tip A

A

A1 - Spiroide
A2 - Oblica simpla cu incl peste 30 grade
A3 - Transversala cu incl sub 30 grade

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5
Q

Fracturi de tip B

A

B1 - Fragment intermediar prin torsiune
B2 - Fragment intermediar prin flexiune
B3 - Fragment intermediar fragmentat

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6
Q

Fracturi de tip C

A

C1 - Cominutiva spiroida
C2 - Cominutiva bifocala
C3 - Cominutiva nespiroida

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7
Q

Date in formularea diagnosticului fracturii

A
  1. Tipul de fractura
  2. Nivel de localizare
  3. Traiectul liniilor de fractura
  4. Deplasarea fragmentelor
  5. Inchisa/deschisa
  6. Recenta/veche
  7. Stabila/Instabila
  8. Incadrare AO
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8
Q

Simptome locale de probabilitate

A
  1. Durerea
  2. Impotenta functionala
  3. Deformarea regiunii
  4. Flictene
  5. Echimoze - Fractura de col humeral - Echimoza brahio-toracica a lui Hennequin: col albastra a tegumentelor bratului, antebratului si hemitoracelui de partea leziunii
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9
Q

Semne locale de certitudine

A

Prezente numai in fracturile complete cu deplasare

  1. Mobilitatea patologica
  2. Crepitatii osoase
  3. Intreruperea continuitatii osoase
  4. Netransmiterea miscarilor in segmentul distal
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10
Q

Tulburari postfracturale de ordin local

A
  1. Musculare - atrofie
  2. Articulare - redoare/anchiloza fibroasa
  3. Circulatorii - edem
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11
Q

Tulburari postfracturale de ordin general

A

Insomnie
Oboseala
Astenie
Anorexie

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12
Q

Fracturi - complicatii generale

A
  1. Socul traumatic - leziuni viscerale si hemoragie
  2. Embolia grasoasa - Sdr respirator, neurologic, cutanat si ocular; leziuni renale - lipidurie
  3. CID
  4. Tromboflebita
  5. Congestia pulmonara
  6. Tulburari urinare la prostatici
  7. Diabet zaharat latent
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13
Q

Fracturi - complicatii locale imediate

A
  1. Leziuni tegumentare cu focar inchis
  2. Fracturi cu interesarea suprafetelor articulare
  3. Hidrartoze si hemartroze posttraumatice de vecinatate
  4. Interpunerea de parti moi
  5. Asocierea fracturii cu o luxatie
  6. Leziuni vasculare - sdr de compartiment
  7. Leziuni nervoase
  8. Fractura deschisa
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14
Q

Fracturi - complicatii locale tardive

A
  1. Consolidarea vicioasa - osteotomie si fixare interna
  2. Calus vicios - hipertrofic, sinostoza, osteitic
  3. Intarzierea in consolidare
  4. Pseudartroza - fibrosinoviala, fibroasa, flotanta (hipertrofice/atrofice)
  5. Cicatrici aderente de oasele superficiale - vindecare per secundam - osteite, plagi atone, malignizare
  6. Osteoporoza posttraumatica - Sudeck-Leriche - tulburari neurovasomotorii
  7. Osteoame periarticulare posttraumatice - osificarea hematoamelor posttraumatice
  8. Redori articulare
  9. Necroza osoasa avasculara
  10. Infectia osoasa
  11. Artroza articulatiilor invecinate
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