fractures of the upper extremity Flashcards
closed fracture
the fractures stayed inside the skin
open fracture
the fractures broke through the skin
intra - articular
“into” joint space, considerations for treatment
extra - articular
“out” of joint space, no involve of proximal or distal joint
simple
two or less fragments
comminuted
multiple fragments or fracture sites
displaced
distal fragment abnormal in relation to proximal portion
fixation
support for fracture site
reduction
putting the fracture segments back into place
primary healing
involves surgical intervention
secondary healing
no surgical intervention
ORIF:
open reduction internal fixation
greenstick fracture
incomplete fracture characterized by a small crack and is most commonly found in children
inflammatory phase:
1-2 weeks
what happens inflammatory phase:
hematoma forms on the fracture site tissues come together to begin bone repair
regeneration phase:
2-6 weeks
regeneration phase def:
healing takes place, regrowth of bone & vascular tissue, soft callus turns to hard callus & direct union
remodeling phase:
6 weeks to a year
remodeling phase def:
strong bone tissue (ossification) is a t the rigidity of callus dramatically improves between 6 to 8 weeks
what is more effective than aggressive elbow stretching?
towel roll
- don’t want to aggressively stetch elbow
nickname for the elbow:
unforgiving
static progressive splint uses»_space;»> principles;
biomechanical principle of stress relaxation to restore ROM
distal radius fractures are the ….
MOST COMMON Q
FOOSH means
fall on outstretched hand
ulnar abutment syndrome:
degenerative wrist condition where the ulnar head impacting upon the ulnar -sided carpal bones
what leads to an ulnar abutment syndrome?
distal radial fracture — which causes shortening of the bone
dorsal angulation is called
colles
volar angulation is called
smith
which is less common colles or smith
smith - volar angulation
which are easier to treat?
non articular fracture or
articular ?
non - articular
can be treated non operatively with immobilization
how can you treat a non articular fracture/
non operatively with immobilization
articular fracture involves?
the joint surface and usually requires external fixation
why is it harder to treat articular fractures?
they usually require external fixation
where does the ulna move with ulnar abutment syndrome?
ulna migrates distally
w/ supination
symptoms of ulnar abutment syndrome:
pain with WB & power grip
secondary to change in load
Kienbrock’s disease:
avascular necrosis of the lunate
physician intervention after the radius is …..
closed reduction
closed reduction is typically used on what type of fragments;
used with fractures that have only minor fragments,
usually non displaced / easily reduced / joint surface is preserved
closed reduction is
a cast applied after the fracture is reduced set
- reduction of the fracture inside of the skin barrier
three surgical fixation methods include:
arthroscopic pinning
volar or distal plate and screws
cast
resistance for a MCP fracture
3-5 weeks
resistance for a proximal phalanx shaft:
5 to 7 weeks
resistance for middle phalanx fracture
10 to 14 weeks
resistance for distal phalanx fracture
3 to 4 weeks
