Fractures and Healing Flashcards
What is a fracture
Breach in continuity of bone
When do fractures occur
Non physiological loads applied to normal bone
Physiological loads applied to abnormal bone
How to describe a fracture
Site Pattern Displacement Joint involvement Skin involvement
What does a transverse fracture look like
Bone in half
What does an oblique fracture look like
When a force at any angle other than a right angle occurs
Slanted across middle
What is a spiral fracture caused by
Result of extreme twisting force being exerted on a bone
Define intraarticular
Situated within , occurring within or administered by entry into a joint
Define extra Articular
Outside of or other than a joint
Stage one of fracture healing
Haemotoma formation
Traumatic rupture of blood vessels at fracture site
Bleeding —-> haemotoma formation
Reduced blood supply to bone cells , starving them of nutrients
Difference between simple and compound fracture
Simple , does not pierce the skin
Compound, pierces the skin
Stage 2 of fracture healing
Fibrocartilaginous callus formation
New capillaries grow at fracture site , supplying nutrients for repair
Dead tissues undergo phagocytosis
Connective tissues form a repair tissue splinting the bone
Step 3 of fracture healing
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts migrate to fracture site and divide
They replace soft fibrocartilage with spongy bone to form a hard callus
Forms a bulge at fracture site
Step 4 of fracture healing
Bone remodelling
Bony callus is remodelled in response to mechanical stress
New bone is stronger and more compact
What is a synarthroses joint
Immobile
Mostly fibrous
Between skull , sutures
What is a amphiarthroses joint
Slightly mobile
Mostly cartilaginous
Intervertebral discs , pubic symphysis
