Fractures and dislocations Flashcards
What is the definition of a fracture?
Break in continuity of a bone, as a result of a force applied to that bone which exceeds tensile or compressive strength of the bone
What is an open vs closed fracture?
open: penetrates the skin over the site
closed: doe not break the skin
What is a comminuted vs non-comminuted fracture?
comminuted: > 3 fragments
non-comminuted: < 3 fragments
What is a complete vs incomplete fracture?
complete: into 2 pieces
incomplete: not into 2 pieces,; remain attached (bent or buckled)
What is an avulsion fracture?
- tearing away of bone from forceful muscular / ligament pulling
- corner / chip fracture
What is an impacted fracture?
- impaction into another, giving shortening
- seldom visualized, white line
- depression fracture or compression fracture
What is a depression fracture?
- type of impacted fracture
- inner bulging of outer bone surface
- tibial plateau
- frontal bone
What is a compression fracture?
- type of impacted fracture in the spine only
- trabecular telescoping
- following forceful hyperflexion injury
What is a compound fracture?
other name for open fracture
What is a simple fracture?
other name for closed fracture
What is a torus fracture?
- type of incomplete fracture
- long axis forces make buckling of the cortex
- in metaphysis
- very painful
- FOOSH
What is a greenstick fracture?
- type of incomplete fracture
- perpendicular forces make bending
- disruption of cortex on one side
- paediatrics under age 10
What is a stable fracture?
does not move during healing
Where can an unstable fracture occur?
C1 broken in 3 parts
What forces cause spiral fracture?
torsional + compression + angulation