CNS malformations Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What are Neural tube defects?

A
  • congenital
  • abnormal development of brain and/or spinal cord
  • failure of embryonic neural tube to close
  • mom folate deficiency
  • supplement mom with folic acid to reduce NTD by 70%
  • common, 1 in 1000 preg./year
  • foetal death
  • reduces prevalence of neural defects at birth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the types of Neural tube defects?

A
• Anencephaly
• Encephalocele
• Spina bifida
  -occulta
  -meningocele
  -myelomeningocele
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List cranial deformities

A
  • acrania
  • craniosynostosis
  • microcephaly
  • congenital hydrocephalus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is acrania?

A

cranial vault nearly completely absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is craniosynostosis?

A

premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is microcephaly?

A

significant decrease in size of brain and skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is congenital hydrocephalus?

A

increase in CSF volume (from many causes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is hydrocephalus?

A
  • excess fluid in cranial vault, or subarachnoid space
  • caused by anything that: decreases reabsorption of CSF, increases CSF production, obstruction in ventricular system
  • congenital (aqueduct stenosis, insults in utero) or acquired (infection, neoplasms, trauma)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Compare non-communicating to communicating hydrocephalus ?

A

Non-communicating: obstruction in ventricular system

Communicating: impaired absorption of CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Arnold-Chiari Type 1? *just know basics

A
  • herniation of elongated segment of inferior cerebellar vermis and paranormal folia through foramen magnum
  • asymptomatic or complication -> death
  • hydrocephalus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Arnold Chiari Type 11? *just know basics

A
  • posterior cranial fossa abnormal shallow
  • caudal herniation of medulla and part of cerebellar vermis through foramen magnum
  • hydrocephalus if complication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus (in an adult) ?

A

• obstruction to CSF flow (in ventricular system, or arachnoid vili)

  • > increase volume CSF
  • > dilation of ventricular system proximal to obstruction
  • > increased pressure on brain
  • > atrophy of cerebral cortex and degeneration of white matter
  • > increase ICP
  • > features of high ICP and
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus in a child?

A

• increases pressure on brain

  • > enlargement of head
  • > fontanelles enlarge, full, bulging (scalp skin thin and shiny, prominent surface veins, frontal bossing)
  • > ICP increases
  • > features of high ICP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the flow of CSF?

A

Lat. ventricle choroid plexus

  • > interventricular foramen
  • > 3rd ventricle (+ CSF from plexus)
  • > aqueduct -> 4th ventricle (+ CSF from plexus)
  • > lateral median aperture
  • > subarachnoid space
  • > arachnoid vili of dural venous sinuses
  • > venous blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly