Fractures

Question 1

what is Closed reduction

Answer 1

indirect bone healing; re-aligns a bone by manipulation without surgery

Question 2

when do you use closed reduction

Answer 2

If fractured bone is not lined up correctly, but you don’t want to open the patient up. healing uses interossesous wire allowing callus formation

Question 3

what is open reduction

Answer 3

direct bone healing, internal fixation ORIF

Question 4

when do you use open reduction

Answer 4

healing using plates and screws

Question 5

what is bone grafting

Answer 5

surgical procedure that replaces missing bone in order to repair bone fractures that are extremely complex, pose a significant health risk, or fail to heal properly

Question 6

Types of grafts?

Answer 6

autografts (same patient), allograft (same species), xenograft (diff species), alloplast (synthetic material)

Question 7

3 goals of rigid fixation

Answer 7

1 - reduce the fracture, 2 - restore original form and function, 3 - early mobilization of patient

Question 8

Sagittal plane

Answer 8

plane that spans from top to bottom slicing body into left and right side

Question 9

median plane

Answer 9

the sagittal plane that divides the body into perfectly equal right and left halves (midline)

Question 10

coronal plane

Answer 10

plane that spans from top to bottom separating the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior)

Question 11

transverse plane

Answer 11

parallel to the floor; divides body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom)

Question 12

rigid fixation sequence

Answer 12

1. expose the fracture; 2. reduce the fracture (bring bone fragments together, can use bone repositioning pin, reduction clamps); 3. select and contour the plate; 4. position the plate; 5. select screw type; 6. drill

Question 13

comminuted fracture

Answer 13

when bone breaks in 3 or more spots