Fractures Flashcards
Close fracture
does not interrrupt the integrity of surrounding skin
Open fracture
Penetrates the skin in some manner. bone may not be visible, but may pierce the skin and then retract back into the underlying tissue.
- contaminated or infected and usually have devitalized tissue, dead space, and delayed healing
- classified as degree I-III and determined by degree of soft tissue defect
- needs open fixation
Diaphyseal (long shaft) fracture
Fracture of a long bone
- transverse (<30degrees)
- oblique (>30 degrees to the long axis of the bone)
- spiral (an oblique fracture that curves around the diaphsis
Incomplete fracture
- also called green stick fracture
- only disrupts one cortex of the bone and results in fissure fractures or find cracks of the bone while leaving the periposteum intact
- occurs in immature animals
Complete fracture
Simple classification of a fracture with only one single disruption of bone
*Usually a transverse fracture
Comminuted fracture
A fracture that results in one or more completely separated fragments of the bone
-can be classified according to size and reducibility of fragments during fixation
Extra-articular fracture
- Also known as Metaphyseal fracture
- Articular surface separated from the diaphysis
- in young growing animals
- growth plate is separated from the diaphysis
- Classified into 5 types of Slater fractures with Slater II being the most common
Partial articular fracture
- E.g. Unicondular fracture
- one condole is fracture through the articular surface while the other remains attached to the diaphysis
Complete articular fracture
Articular surface completely separated from diaphysis
Impacted fracture
Bone fragments driven firmly together
Avulsion fracture
Occurs when there is a forceful pull and results in a small fragment of bone fractured away from the insertion site of the muscle, tendon, or ligament
