fractures Flashcards
what are the three main types of fractures?
- trauma
- stress
- pathological
what is the most common fracture?
- trauma fracture
what is a trauma fracture?
- direct or indirect force causes damage as force is too great to withstand
what is a stress fracture ?
- sustained due to repetitive high levels of loading over a long period of time
what becomes too high for the bone in a stress fracture?
- reabsorption becomes too high
who are stress fractures common in?
- athletes
- military
what are pathological fractures?
- problem with integral structure
what is an example of a pathological fracture?
- osteoporosis
what are fractures classified according to?
- according to angulation of the fracture and positioning
what are 8 types of fracture classifications?
- transverse
- oblique
- spiral
- comminuated
- avulsion
- impacted
- fissure
- greenstick
how else can be fractures be classified ?
- open or closed
what are open fractures?
- compound
- high complication risk e.g., infection, longer healing
what are closed fractures?
- simple fractures
what happens when greater energy is applied to the bone?
- more complicated fracture pattern
- more injury to surrounding tissues
- involvement of multiple bones/ injury to other organs
what are highly comminute fractures?
- large amount of energy involved
what other classification can you use?
- degree of displacement
what are the four degrees of displacement?
- translation
- angulation
- rotation
- altered length
what is translation?
- shift
- in any direction
what is angulation?
- tilting
what is rotation?
- twisting
what is altered length?
- shortened or lengthened
- spasms can pull together
what are the two ways fractures heal?
- callus
- direct union
what is the most common response to micro- movement?
- healing by callus
