fractures

Question 1

what is a compound fracture

Answer 1

• when the skin is broken and the broken bone is exposed to air

Question 2

what is a stable fracture

Answer 2

when sections of bone remain in alignment at the fracture

Question 3

what is a pathological fracture

Answer 3

when the bone breaks due to an abnormality

Question 4

what are some terms that describe what way a bone breaks

Answer 4

transverse
oblique
spiral
segmental

Question 5

what fractures more commonly occur is kids than adults

Answer 5

greenstick
buckle
salter harris- only in children

Question 6

what does a colles fracture refer to

Answer 6

transverse fracture of the distal radius near the wrist, causing the distal portion to dispalce posteriorly

Question 7

what is ‘ dinner fork deformity’ usually caused by

Answer 7

FOOSH
fall onto an outstretched hand

Question 8

what is a scaphoid fracture caused by

Answer 8

FOOSH

Question 9

KEY SIGN OF scaphoid fracture

Answer 9

tenderness in the anatomical snuiffbox

Question 10

why can a scaphoid fracture cause avascualr necrossi

Answer 10

scaphoid has a retrograde bloody supply - one direction
cut off to the blood supply will result in necrosis

Question 11

what key bones have vulnerable blood supplies

Answer 11

-SCAPHOID
-femoral head
humeral head
talus
navicular

Question 12

what bones do ankle fractures involve

Answer 12

lateral malleolus or medial malleolus

Question 12

type c?

Answer 12

above the ankle joint – the syndesmosis will be disrupted

Question 13

Type a?

Answer 13

below the ankle joint – will leave the syndesmosis intact

Question 13

what is the classification system to describe fractures of the lateral malleolus

Answer 13

weber

Question 13

type b?

Answer 13

at the level of the ankle joint – the syndesmosis will be intact or partially torn

Question 14

The main cancers that metastasise to the bones are

Answer 14

Po – Prostate
R – Renal
Ta – Thyroid
B – Breast
Le – Lung

Question 15

what do fragilit fractures occur due to

Answer 15

weakness in the bone usually due to osteoporosis

Question 16

what does FRAX tell you

Answer 16

pt’s risk of a fragility fracture over the next ten yrs

Question 17

t score of more than -1

Answer 17

normal

Question 18

t score of -1to -2.5

Answer 18

osteopenia

Question 19

t score of less than -2.5

Answer 19

osteoporossi

Question 20

t score at the hip less than -2.5 and a fracture

Answer 20

severe osteoporosis

Question 21

first line tx for reducing fragility fractre

Answer 21

Calcium + VIT D
- Bisphosphonates

Question 22

SE of bisphisphonates

Answer 22

refluc and oesophageal erosions
osteonecrosis of the jaw

Question 23

1st line imaging of fractures

Answer 23

x rays

Question 24

1st line management of fractures

Answer 24

closed reduction via manipulation of limn
open reduction with surgery

Question 25

second principle of fracture care ?

Answer 25

relative stability to allow healing to occur
can use plaster cast/ screws

Question 26

Possible early complications of a fracture include:

Answer 26

Damage to local structures (e.g., tendons, muscles, arteries, nerves, skin and lung)
Haemorrhage leading to shock and potentially death
Compartment syndrome
Fat embolism

Question 27

how would a fat embolism occur following a fracture

Answer 27

FAT GLOBULES are released into circulation , become lodged in blood vessels and cause obstruction

Question 28

gurds criteria for diagnosis

Answer 28

Respiratory distress
Petechial rash
Cerebral involvement