Fracture, Repair, and remodeling

Question 1

Fracture

Answer 1

break resulting from trauma to the bone. classified by its cause + nature of the break.

Question 2

Stress Fracture

Answer 2

a small crack in a bone that’s usually caused by repetitive force or overuse.

Question 3

Fracture hematoma

Answer 3

a clotted mass of blood that forms at the site of a broken bone.

Question 4

Fibrocartilaginous callus

Answer 4

temporary formation of cells that occurs at the site of a broken bone to help it heal.

Question 5

Bony callus

Answer 5

a bridge of cartilage and bone that forms across a broken bone to help it heal.

Question 6

Demineralization

Answer 6

the process of removing calcium, magnesium, and inorganic phosphate ions from a material.

Question 7

Osteoporosis

Answer 7

disease in which bones become fragile and start to break down.

Question 8

Compound fracture

Answer 8

broken bone exposed to the outside by opening in the skin, very serious infection can occur.

Question 9

closed fracture

Answer 9

break protected by uninjured skin.

Question 10

Fracture

Answer 10

partial or complete break of the bone

Question 11

Comminuted Fracture

Answer 11

bone breaks into pieces, common in elderly because bones are more brittle.

Question 12

Compression Fracture

Answer 12

bone is compressed or crushed, common in vertebrae, common in older people due to osteoporosis.

Question 13

Depressed fracture

Answer 13

common in skull fractures, a depression of the bone normally towards the brain.

Question 14

Impacted fracture

Answer 14

bone ends are forced into each other, common when attempting to break your fall with stretched arms.

Question 15

Transverse fracture

Answer 15

broken straight across the bone, result of sharp direct blows, may be a stress fracture.

Question 16

Spiral fractures

Answer 16

results from excessive thrusting force, break wraps around the bone in a corkscrew pattern.

Question 17

Greenstick fracture

Answer 17

incomplete break (like a green twig) bone is broken on one side and bent on the opposite side. more common in children due to more flexibility in the bones than adults.

Question 18

Stages of repair of a fracture

Answer 18

reactive phase: when the bone breaks, blood vessels also break forming a mass of blood around the break called a hematoma.
2 reparative phase A : a fibrocartilginaous callus forms around the break. creating a soft callus that bridges the fracture and begins to stabilize the bone. occurs within first days to weeks of break.
3 reparative stage B: fibrocartilage develops into spongy bone creating a hard callus. callus lasts about 3-4 months.
4. bone remodeling phase: spongy bone is remodeled into compact bone - process can take up to one year.