Fracture Classification Flashcards
What is fracture
Break in the continuity of a bone.
Fracture classified on the basis of
- Based on etiology.
- Based on displacement.
- Based on relationship with external environment.
- Basis of complexity of treatment.
- Basis of quantum of force causing fracture.
- On the base of pattern.
On the basis of etiology
Traumatic fracture
Pathological fracture
Stress fracture
On the base of displacement
Undispaced fraction
Displaced structure
Factors responsible for displacement
Fracturing force
Muscle pull on the fracture fragments
Gravity.
Displacement can be in the form
Shift
Angulation
Rotation
On the basis of relationship with external environment
Open fracture and closed fracture
Open fractures again divided into
Internally open
Externally open
On the basis of complexity of treatment
Simple fracture
Complex fracture
On the basis of quantum of force causing fracture
High velocity injury
Low velocity injury
On the basis of pattern
Transverse fracture Oblique fracture Spiral fracture Comminuted fracture Segmental fracture
Pathological fracture causes
LOCALISED CAUSES
1.Inflammatory
Pyogenic osteomyelitis Tubercular osteomyelitis
2.Neoplastic
Benign tumours Giant cell tumour, Enchondroma
Malignant tumours
- Primary
Osteosarcoma, Ewing’s tumour - Secondary In males: lung, prostate, kidney In females: breast, lung, genitals
3.Miscellaneous
Simple bone cyst
Aneurysmal bone cyst
Monostotic fibrous dysplasia
Eosinophilic granuloma Bone atrophy secondary to polio etc.
GENERALISED DISEASES
1.Hereditary
• Osteogenesis imperfecta
Dyschondroplasia (Ollier’s disease)
• Osteopetrosis
2.Acquired
Osteoporosis Osteomalacia
Rickets
Scurvy
Disseminated malignancy in bones
- Multiple myeloma
- Diffuse metastatic carcinoma
Miscellaneous
- Paget’s disease
- Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Treatment of pathological fracture
- Detecting underlying causes
2. Assessment of capacity of the fracture to unite.
