Fracture

Question 1

Fracture

Answer 1

• discontinuity of the bone
• causes: sudden injury, fatigue or stress pathology
• classification:
• according to communication with the external environment
• according to degree of break in continuity of the bone
• according to plane of fracture surface

Question 2

according to communication with the external environment

Answer 2

• open/ compound - fracture with bruise

- closed

Question 3

According to degree of break in continuity of the bone

Answer 3

• partial / greenstick- naa pa bilin

- complete

Question 4

According to plane of fracture surface

Answer 4

• comminuted= breaks into pieces
• compression= same as of comminuted but bone to bone
• transverse= transverse plane
• oblique= side hays extend
• spiral= proportional forces
• butterfly

Question 5

As

Answer 5

A1- MCP jt. ; MC whats immobilised
A2- proximal phalanx
A3- PIP joint
A4- mid phalanx
A5- DIL joint

Question 6

Healing process

Answer 6

1. Hematoma formation
   - bloodclot , redness, swelling
2. Inflammatory phase
3. Reparative phase
   - new bone “ talus “
4. Remodelling phase- increase UB & OC

Question 7

Kinds of fracture ( 19 )

Answer 7

1. Jeffersons fracture
2. Hangmans fracture
3. Day- shoveller fracture
4. Transfracture
5. Burst fracture
6. Hill sachs fracture
7. Chauffer fracture
8. Hosltein- lewis
9. Colles fracture
10. Barron fracture
11. Smith fracture
12. Reverse barron
13. Galleazi
14. Montegia
15. Night stick
16. Essex - loplesti
17. Boxers fracture
18. Benette fracture
19. Rolando

Question 8

Jeffersons fracture

Answer 8

• unilateral or bilateral fractures of anterior and posterior arches of C1

Question 9

Hangmans fracture

Answer 9

• bilateral pedicle fracture of C2

Question 10

Day shoveller fracture

Answer 10

• fracture of spinous process
• more commonly in C7 and T1
• due to hyperextension of the neck

Question 11

Transfracture

Answer 11

• compression and transverse fracture pf the vertebral body

- more commonly T12-L2

Question 12

Burst fracture

Answer 12

• fracture resulting in multiple fragments usually penetrating surrounding tissues

Question 13

Hill sachs fracture

Answer 13

• compression fracture of the posterolateral humeral head

- associated with anterior GH d/L

Question 14

Chauffer fracture

Answer 14

• oblique fracture of radial styloid

Question 15

Holstein- Louis

Answer 15

distal 1/3 of humerus

Question 16

Colles fracture

Answer 16

• extra articular fracture of distal radius
• fails in hyper extension
• not in wrist joint

Question 17

Barron fracture

Answer 17

• dorsal displacement of distal fragment
• associated with fracture of ulnar styloid
• FOOSH injuries
• “ dinner fork deformity “

Question 18

Smith fracture

Answer 18

• fall on flex wrist
• not in wrist fracture
• extra articular fracture of distal radius

Question 19

Reverse barron

Answer 19

• if intra articular, referred as “reverse barron”
• in the wrist and fracture
• volar displacement of distal fragment
• fall on flexed wrist injuries
• “ garden spade deformity “

Question 20

Galleazzi

Answer 20

• fracture of distal shaft of radius with dislocation of distal ulnar head

Question 21

Monteggia

Answer 21

• fracture of proximal shaft of ulna with dislocation of proximal radial head

Question 22

Night stick

Answer 22

• transverse fracture of the shaft of ulna

- due to FA struck by an object

Question 23

Essex lopresti

Answer 23

• comminuted fracture of radial head

Question 24

Boxers fracture

Answer 24

• fracture at the base of 5th MCP

Question 25

Benette fracture

Answer 25

• non comminuted intra articular fracture of base of 1st MCP

- due to forced abduction of the thumb ( APL )

Question 26

Rolando

Answer 26

• comminuted intra articukar fracture of base of 1st MCP