Fracture Flashcards
Common causes of fracture
Fall from a height Car accidents Direct blow Repetitive forces Pathology
Signs and symptoms of fractures
Swelling or tenderness Pain Numbness Bleeding Broken skin with bone protruding Limitation or unwillingness to move a limb
Fracture types
Traumatic
Pathological
Traumatic Fractures
Closed fracture
Open fracture
One where the fracture hematoma does not communicate with the outside
Closed
A mass of usually clotted blood that forms in a tissue, organ or body space as a result of a broken blood vessel
Hematoma
One where the fracture hematoma communicates with the outside
Open fracture
2 types of pathological fractures
Localized disorder
Generalized disorder
A kind of fracture occurring after a trivial violence in a bone weakened by some pathological lesions
Pathological fracture
According to the PATH OF LINE, fractures are classified as
Transverse
Oblique
Spiral
Longitudinal
The line of fracture is perpendicular to the long axis of the bone
Transverse
The line is at oblique angle to the long axis of the bone
Oblique
A severe form of oblique fracture in which the plane rotates along the long axis of the bone. These fractures occur due to rotational force.
Spiral
The line runs nearly parallel to the long axis of the bone.
Longitudinal
Occur due to rotational forces
Spiral
Can be considered a long oblique fracture
Longitudinal
Anatomical classification of fractures
Comminuted Stellate Impacted Depressed Avulsion Greenstick
The bone is broken into more than 2 fragments
Comminuted
Fracture in the young bone of children where the break is incomplete leaving one cortex intact
Greenstick
Occurs in the flat bones of the skull and in the patella, where the fracture lines rub in various directions from one point
Stellate
A chip of bone is avulsed by the sudden and unexpected contraction of a powerful muscle from its point of insertion
Avulsion
A break in the continuity of a bone or cartilage
FRACTURE
A vertical force drives the distal fragment of the fracture into the proximal fragment
Impacted
Occurs in the skull where a segment of bone gets depressed into the cranium
Depressed
A forcible separation or detachment
Avulsion
The outer layer / superficial layer of an organ in the body or bodily structure
Cortex
