Fracture Flashcards
Holstein-lewis fracture
Humeral shaft fracture
At the junction of middle and distal thirds
Associated radial nerve injury
Monteggia fracture dislocation
Hint:both bones
Fracture of proximal third of shaft of ulna +Radial head dislocation
Type 1-Most common(Bado Classification)
Galeazzi fracture dislocation
Hint:”D-both”
Fracture of distal third radius shaft + dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint
Fracture of necessity (reduction and internal fixation)
Colles fracture
Hint:”AFTER C”
Distal radius fracture at cortico-cancellous junction
Dinner fork deformity
Dorsal angulation and displacement
Post menopausal women
Fall on outstretched hand
Smith fracture
Hint:(Colles-Smith DGVF)
Distal radius fracture at the cortico-cancellous junction
Garden spade deformity
Volar angulation and displacement
Reverse colles fracture
Fall on the back of the hand
Rolando Fracture
Comminuted intra-articular fracture of base of the first metacarpal
Boxers fracture
Fracture through the neck of 5th metacarpal
Elbow fracture
In which age group are elbow dislocations most common?
Young adults
Elbow dislocation
* How are elbow dislocations classified?
Simple (no fracture) or complex (with fracture)
What are the two main types of stabilizers for the elbow joint?
Static (ligaments) and Dynamic (muscles)
What is a common way a patient presents after an elbow dislocation?
High-energy fall with a painful, deformed, and swollen elbow
Why is a complete neurovascular examination crucial during elbow dislocation assessment?
To identify potential nerve damage (especially ulnar nerve) and blood vessel injury
What are the initial X-rays required to diagnose an elbow dislocation?
AP and lateral plain film radiographs of the elbow
What is the first step in managing an elbow dislocation after examination?
Closed reduction (repositioning the joint)
How long is immobilization typically needed after a simple elbow dislocation with no fracture?
5-14 days (depending on practice)
What is a common complication of elbow dislocation?
Early stiffness with loss of terminal extension
What is the name of the most unstable elbow dislocation injury?
Terrible Triad (lateral ligament injury, radial head fracture, coronoid fracture)
What is the most common type of distal radius fracture?
Colles’ fracture (accounting for 90%)
How does age affect the risk of distal radius fractures?
Risk increases with age (fragility fractures) in osteoporotic bone.
Are children at risk for distal radius fractures?
Yes, children between 5-15 years old are also prone
What is the most common cause of distal radius fractures?
Fall on an outstretched hand (FOOSH)
Describe the mechanism of injury for a Colles’ fracture.
Fall forward with outstretched hand forcing wrist into supination (dorsal angulation and displacement).
Describe the mechanism of injury for a Smith’s fracture.
Fall backward with outstretched hand causing forced pronation (volar angulation).
What type of fracture is a Barton’s fracture?
Intra-articular fracture with radiocarpal joint dislocation (volar or dorsal).
What are the main risk factors for distal radius fractures?
Factors related to osteoporosis (increasing age, female gender, etc.)
How do patients with a distal radius fracture typically present?
Pain, deformity, swelling around the fracture site, possible neurological involvement.
What should a neurological examination for a suspected distal radius fracture assess
Median nerve, anterior interosseous nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve function.
List some differential diagnoses for a distal radius fracture.
Forearm fracture, carpal bone fracture, tendonitis, wrist dislocation.
What are the initial imaging studies for diagnosing a distal radius fracture?
Plain radiographs (assessing radial height, inclination, and tilt).
When might CT or MRI scans be used for distal radius fractures?
Complex fractures for surgical planning (after initial management).
What is the priority after a trauma case like a distal radius fracture?
Resuscitation and stabilization of the patient.
When is closed reduction performed for distal radius fractures?
For all displaced fractures to realign the bones under anesthesia.
How are stable, reduced distal radius fractures typically immobilized?
Below-elbow backslab cast with follow-up X-rays after 1 week.
What is the role of physiotherapy after distal radius fracture healing?
Regaining full wrist function.
When might surgery be necessary for a distal radius fracture?
Significantly displaced/unstable fractures or intra-articular step >2mm.
List some surgical fixation options for distal radius fractures.
Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) with plating or K-wire fixation.
What is a potential complication of distal radius fractures with significant malunion?
Median nerve compression
Fracture pattern
Transverse
Fracture line perpendicular to long axis of bone
Force from direct blow by moving object
Fracture pattern
Oblique
Acute angle with long arm of bone
Fracture pattern
Spiral
Spirally in more than 1plane
Indirect rotational/twisting force
Comminuted fracture pattern
Multiple fragments
High energy injuries/force acts along axis of bone
Segmental fracture pattern
Two fractures in 1bone leaving a free segment in between
Impacted fracture pattern
Bone fails in depression
I.e calcenous break after a fall from height ,valgus impacted fractures of the femoral neck
Avulsion fracture
Traction from a ligament/tendon/capsular insertion
Can result from explosive muscular contractions
I.e lateral band of plantar fascia
Open fracture
Fracture hematoma communicates with ext/into epithelial surface
Closed fracture
Overlying skin and soft tissue are intact
