FPPL Flashcards by Daniel Matros

Exceeding the maximum allowed aircraft mass is

Not permissable and dangerous

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The center of gravity has to be located

Between the front and the rear CG Limit

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The result of a rear C.G. position is

Decrease in stability

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An aircraft must be loaded and operated in such a way that the center of gravity (CG)
stays within the approved limits during all phases of flight.

Both stability and controlability of the aircraft

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The result of a front C.G. position is:
1. Increase in stability.
2. Increase in fuel consumption.
3. Increase in stall speed.
4. Increase in range

1, 2, 3

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The basic empty mass of an aircraft includes

the mass of the aeroplane plus standard items such as unusable fuel and other unusable liquids,
lubricating oil in engine and auxiliary units, fire extinguishers, pyrotechnics, emergency oxygen
equipment, supplementary electronic equipment

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. In relation to aircraft documents:

Aicraft documents with flight manual must be carried

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The green arc on the airspeed indicator shows the:

normal operating range

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The yellow arc on the airspeed indicator shows the:

Caution range

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Which of the following are signs of an overstressed airframe?

skin wrinkles and cracks

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What is VNE?

Never exceed speed

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In a 60° level turn the structural load increases:

4 times

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High air density improves aircraft performance. Which of the following factors will decrease the air density?

Increased altitude, high humidity and high temperatures.

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Why must caution be exercised when operating in turbulent conditions?

Stress on the airframe increases

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If the QNH is 1003 hPa, the aerodrome elevation 320 feet, what is the pressure altitude at aerodrome elevation?

300 feet

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If the QNH is 1028 hPa, the aerodrome elevation 320 feet what is the pressure altitude at aerodrome elevation?

-130 feet

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What does the following definition describe? “The length of the take-off run available plus the length of the clearway if provided

TODA

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The Take-Off Safety Speed is:

20% margin of safety above the stall

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In comparison to a flapless take off, using a small flap setting for take-off will:

Small amount of flaps reduces the stalling speed, takeoff safety speed.

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. Increasing an aircraft’s weight by 10% will have what effect on its take-off distance?

Takeoff distance increases by 20%

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An important reason for taking off into a headwind is:

To enable the plane to have a shorter ground run

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It is recommend that when calculating take-off distance, a take- off safety factor should be applied. What is the take-off safety factor?

1.33

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In a piston engine aircraft to fly for maximum endurance a pilot should select:

least amount of power possible

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The best rate of climb:

Max height in shortest amount of time

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The Basic Empty Mass includes:

Engine, fixed equipment, full oil and unusable fuel

What is the MTOM?

The Maximum Take-Off Mass, the maximum allowable gross mass for take-off

An aircraft loaded so that the CG is at the forward limit will:

stable, need high elevator flow for a flare

An aircraft loaded so that the CG is at the aft limit will:

Be unstable

stalling speed in landing configuration (VSO)

VSO 1.3 | Remember VSO for stuff out

landing distance increase short wet grass

30%

An overweight aircraft will

Handle poorly and suffer structural damage

How do wing tip vortices act?

drift apart downwind and down behind generating aircraft

The pilot of a light aircraft should avoid a large aircraft’s flight path by how many feet below:

By flying 1000 feet below

Ground effect will result in:

Increase in drag, increase in lift

A low wing aircraft, when compared to a high wing, is affected:

More affected by the ground effect

Climbing out after take-off, an aircraft is subjected to windshear with an increase in tailwind. Without pilot intervention, the aircraft will experience:

increase in airspeed

You encounter windshear on final approach meaning that at 1,000 feet a 30 knot headwind component changes to a 10 knot tailwind component. What will the effect be on your aircraft’s airspeed?

Airspeed reduces rapidly

Define the useful load:

traffic load + fuel

If the aeroplane was neutrally stable this would suggest that:

CG most rearward limit

What is the maximum mass an aeroplane can be loaded to before it moves under its own power?

MTOW

The weight of an aircraft in all flight conditions acts:

All acts vertically downwards

Individual aircraft should be weighed in an air conditioned hangar:

all of the above

The CG position is:

able to exist within a range

Which of the following would not affect the CG position?

Horizontal stabiliser

An aeroplane develops a serious maintenance problem shortly after take-off and has to return to its departure airfield. In order to land safely the aircraft must jettison fuel. How much fuel must be jettisoned?

The pilot calculates the amount of fuel to jettison to reduce the mass to a safe level at or below the RLM

The speed for best rate of climb is called:

VY. Angle of Climb is VX

With a true airspeed of 194 kt and a vertical speed of 1000 ft/min, the climb gradient is approximately:

Climb Gradient = (Thrust - Drag)/Weight × 100

What is the effect of a contaminated runway on the take-off?

Increases the take-off distance and greatly increases the accelerate-stop distance

How wide is the stopway:

as wide as the runway

What will be the effect on an aeroplane’s performance(takeoff distance) if aerodrome pressure altitude is decreased?

Takeoff distance decreased | Pressure altitude increase = bad performance PA decrease = good

TODA is

declared runway length plus clearway up to a maximum of 150% of TORA

Rate of climb is

is approximately the climb gradient multiplied by the true airspeed divided by 100

The pilot of a single-engine aircraft has established the climb performance. The carriage of an additional passenger will cause the climb performance to be:

degraded

The angle of climb with flaps extended, compared to that with flaps retracted, will normally be:

Smaller

Which of the following factors leads to the maximum flight time of a glide?

Low mass

Whatdoes a a constant headwind do for the angle of the descent flight path?

increases the angle of the descent flight path

Moving CG From forward to aft limit.

decreases the induced drag and reduces the power required

An increase in atmospheric pressure has, among other things, the following consequences on landing performance:

Reduced landing distance better go around.

If an aircraft has a stall speed of 100 kt, what would the speed on short finals have to be?

1.3 times the reference speed over the threshold.

What will be the influence on the aeroplane performance if aerodrome pressure altitude is increased?

High elevation, increased takeoff distance

Which of the following are to be taken into account for the runway in use for takeoff?

Airport elevation, runway slope, outside air temperature, pressure altitude and wind components

Whathappens to the acceleration force during take-off:

acceleration force decreases | force due to friction decrease as lift increases during take‑off run

What happens to VX and VY as an aeroplane is in a positive climb:

VX is always below VY

Constant headwind component

. increases the angle of flight path during climb

A headwind component increasing with altitude, as compared to zero wind condition: (assuming IAS is constant.)

only affects angle of climb, not rate of climb

What is the influence of the mass on maximum rate of climb (ROC) speed if all other parameters remain constant?

The ROC speed decreases with increasing mass

Which statement is correct for a descent without engine thrust at maximum lift to drag ratio speed?

A tailwind component increases the ground distance

A decrease in atmospheric pressure has, among other things, the following consequences on take-off performance:

an increased take-off distance and degraded initial climb performance

Which of the following combinations has an effect on the angle of descent in a glide? (Ignore compressibility effects.)

Light or heavy will glide the same angle. (The only thing affecting a glide is AOA and Configuration)

. Due to a mistake in the load sheet the aeroplane is 1000 kg heavier than you believe it to be. As a consequencewhat happens to VR:

VR will be later | Plane is heavy and ground run is increased

Which of the following has the least effect on the CG? CabinCrew? Stabilator trim setting?

Stabilator trim setting

. In mass and balance terms, what is an index?

Moment divided by a constant

If an aircraft is weighed prior to entry into service, who is responsible for doing the re-weigh to prepare the plane for operations?

Operator

Useful load

the weight of the pilot, crew, passengers, baggage, usable fuel, and drainable oil.

The conversion factor from kilogram [kg] into pounds [lb] is

kg x 2.205 = lb

The term "datum" with regard to a mass and balance calculation defines

the point on the longitudinal axis of an aeroplane or its extension from which the centers of gravity of all masses are referenced.

The balance arm is the horizontal distance between

CG of a mass and the datum line

Calculated take-off mass = 2300 lbs, calculated CG = 95.75 in, fuel burn = 170 lbs on station 87.00 in. Where is the CG situated after the landing?

96.45

Calculated take-off mass = 746 kg, calculated CG = 0.371, fuel burn = 30.5 l on station 0.45 m. Where is the CG situated after the landing?

36.9

Calculated take-off mass = 1082 kg, calculated CG = 0.254 m, fuel burn = 55 l on station 0.40 m. Where is the CG situated after the landing?

24.8

How do high temperatures affect aircraft performance?

High temperatures result in low air density, thus raising density altitude and decreasing aircraft performance

How is humidity and density related?

When humidity goes up, density goes down

VR is

The speed at which the pilot initiaties the roation

The position of CG including fuel is | Calculation to find moment

mass x arms = moment

Index is

Moment divided by a constant

Wake turbulence symbol for light aircraft

kmh per hour is written in which letter

Loading an aeroplane to the most aft CG will cause the aeroplane to be:

less stable at all speeds

The consequences of operating an aeroplane with the CG beyond the aft limit will be:

all statements are correct