FPPL Flashcards
Exceeding the maximum allowed aircraft mass is
Not permissable and dangerous
The center of gravity has to be located
Between the front and the rear CG Limit
The result of a rear C.G. position is
Decrease in stability
An aircraft must be loaded and operated in such a way that the center of gravity (CG)
stays within the approved limits during all phases of flight.
Both stability and controlability of the aircraft
The result of a front C.G. position is:
1. Increase in stability.
2. Increase in fuel consumption.
3. Increase in stall speed.
4. Increase in range
1, 2, 3
The basic empty mass of an aircraft includes
the mass of the aeroplane plus standard items such as unusable fuel and other unusable liquids,
lubricating oil in engine and auxiliary units, fire extinguishers, pyrotechnics, emergency oxygen
equipment, supplementary electronic equipment
. In relation to aircraft documents:
Aicraft documents with flight manual must be carried
The green arc on the airspeed indicator shows the:
normal operating range
The yellow arc on the airspeed indicator shows the:
Caution range
Which of the following are signs of an overstressed airframe?
skin wrinkles and cracks
What is VNE?
Never exceed speed
In a 60° level turn the structural load increases:
4 times
High air density improves aircraft performance. Which of the following factors will decrease the air density?
Increased altitude, high humidity and high temperatures.
Why must caution be exercised when operating in turbulent conditions?
Stress on the airframe increases
If the QNH is 1003 hPa, the aerodrome elevation 320 feet, what is the pressure altitude at aerodrome elevation?
300 feet
If the QNH is 1028 hPa, the aerodrome elevation 320 feet what is the pressure altitude at aerodrome elevation?
-130 feet
What does the following definition describe? “The length of the take-off run available plus the length of the clearway if provided
TODA
The Take-Off Safety Speed is:
20% margin of safety above the stall
In comparison to a flapless take off, using a small flap setting for take-off will:
Small amount of flaps reduces the stalling speed, takeoff safety speed.
. Increasing an aircraft’s weight by 10% will have what effect on its take-off distance?
Takeoff distance increases by 20%
An important reason for taking off into a headwind is:
To enable the plane to have a shorter ground run
It is recommend that when calculating take-off distance, a take- off safety factor should be applied. What is the take-off safety factor?
1.33
In a piston engine aircraft to fly for maximum endurance a pilot should select:
least amount of power possible
The best rate of climb:
Max height in shortest amount of time
The Basic Empty Mass includes:
Engine, fixed equipment, full oil and unusable fuel
What is the MTOM?
The Maximum Take-Off Mass, the maximum allowable gross mass for take-off
An aircraft loaded so that the CG is at the forward limit will:
stable, need high elevator flow for a flare
An aircraft loaded so that the CG is at the aft limit will:
Be unstable
stalling speed in landing configuration (VSO)
VSO 1.3
Remember VSO for stuff out
landing distance increase short wet grass
30%
An overweight aircraft will
Handle poorly and suffer structural damage
How do wing tip vortices act?
drift apart downwind and down behind generating aircraft
The pilot of a light aircraft should avoid a large aircraft’s flight path by how many feet below:
By flying 1000 feet below
Ground effect will result in:
Increase in drag, increase in lift
A low wing aircraft, when compared to a high wing, is affected:
More affected by the ground effect
Climbing out after take-off, an aircraft is subjected to windshear with an increase in tailwind. Without pilot intervention, the
aircraft will experience:
increase in airspeed
You encounter windshear on final approach meaning that at 1,000 feet a 30 knot headwind component changes to a 10 knot tailwind
component. What will the effect be on your aircraft’s airspeed?
Airspeed reduces rapidly
Define the useful load:
traffic load + fuel
If the aeroplane was neutrally stable this would suggest that:
CG most rearward limit
What is the maximum mass an aeroplane can be loaded to before it moves under its own
power?
MTOW
The weight of an aircraft in all flight conditions acts:
All acts vertically downwards
Individual aircraft should be weighed in an air conditioned hangar:
all of the above
The CG position is:
able to exist within a range
Which of the following would not affect the CG position?
Horizontal stabiliser
An aeroplane develops a serious maintenance problem shortly after take-off and has to
return to its departure airfield. In order to land safely the aircraft must jettison fuel. How
much fuel must be jettisoned?
The pilot calculates the amount of fuel to jettison to reduce the mass to a safe level at or
below the RLM
The speed for best rate of climb is called:
VY. Angle of Climb is VX
With a true airspeed of 194 kt and a vertical speed of 1000 ft/min, the climb gradient is
approximately:
Climb Gradient = (Thrust - Drag)/Weight × 100
What is the effect of a contaminated runway on the take-off?
Increases the take-off distance and greatly increases the accelerate-stop distance
How wide is the stopway:
as wide as the runway
What will be the effect on an aeroplane’s performance(takeoff distance) if aerodrome pressure altitude is
decreased?
Takeoff distance decreased
Pressure altitude increase = bad performance
PA decrease = good
TODA is
declared runway length plus clearway up to a maximum of 150% of TORA
Rate of climb is
is approximately the climb gradient multiplied by the true airspeed divided by 100
The pilot of a single-engine aircraft has established the climb performance. The carriage of
an additional passenger will cause the climb performance to be:
degraded
The angle of climb with flaps extended, compared to that with flaps retracted, will normally
be:
Smaller
Which of the following factors leads to the maximum flight time of a glide?
Low mass
Whatdoes a a constant headwind do for the angle of the descent flight path?
increases the angle of the descent flight path
Moving CG From forward to aft limit.
decreases the induced drag and reduces the power required
An increase in atmospheric pressure has, among other things, the following consequences
on landing performance:
Reduced landing distance better go around.
If an aircraft has a stall speed of 100 kt, what would the speed on short finals have to be?
1.3 times the reference speed over the threshold.
What will be the influence on the aeroplane performance if aerodrome pressure
altitude is increased?
High elevation, increased takeoff distance
Which of the following are to be taken into account for the runway in use for takeoff?
Airport elevation, runway slope, outside air temperature, pressure altitude and wind
components
Whathappens to the acceleration force during take-off:
acceleration force decreases
force due to friction decrease as lift increases during take‑off run
What happens to VX and VY as an aeroplane is in a positive climb:
VX is always below VY
Constant headwind component
. increases the angle of flight path during climb
A headwind component increasing with altitude, as compared to zero wind condition:
(assuming IAS is constant.)
only affects angle of climb, not rate of climb
What is the influence of the mass on maximum rate of climb (ROC) speed if all other
parameters remain constant?
The ROC speed decreases with increasing mass
Which statement is correct for a descent without engine thrust at maximum lift to
drag ratio speed?
A tailwind component increases the ground distance
A decrease in atmospheric pressure has, among other things, the following
consequences on take-off performance:
an increased take-off distance and degraded initial climb performance
Which of the following combinations has an effect on the angle of descent in a glide?
(Ignore compressibility effects.)
Light or heavy will glide the same angle.
(The only thing affecting a glide is AOA and Configuration)
. Due to a mistake in the load sheet the aeroplane is 1000 kg heavier than you believe
it to be. As a consequencewhat happens to VR:
VR will be later
Plane is heavy and ground run is increased
Which of the following has the least effect on the CG?
CabinCrew? Stabilator trim setting?
Stabilator trim setting
. In mass and balance terms, what is an index?
Moment divided by a constant
If an aircraft is weighed prior to entry into service, who is responsible for doing the
re-weigh to prepare the plane for operations?
Operator
Useful load
the weight of the pilot, crew, passengers, baggage, usable fuel, and drainable oil.
The conversion factor from kilogram [kg] into pounds [lb] is
kg x 2.205 = lb
The term “datum” with regard to a mass and balance calculation defines
the point on the longitudinal axis of an aeroplane or its extension from which the centers of
gravity of all masses are referenced.
The balance arm is the horizontal distance between
CG of a mass and the datum line
Calculated take-off mass = 2300 lbs, calculated CG = 95.75 in, fuel burn = 170 lbs on
station 87.00 in.
Where is the CG situated after the landing?
96.45
Calculated take-off mass = 746 kg, calculated CG = 0.371, fuel burn = 30.5 l on station
0.45 m.
Where is the CG situated after the landing?
36.9
Calculated take-off mass = 1082 kg, calculated CG = 0.254 m, fuel burn = 55 l on
station 0.40 m.
Where is the CG situated after the landing?
24.8
How do high temperatures affect aircraft performance?
High temperatures result in low air density, thus raising density altitude and decreasing aircraft
performance
How is humidity and density related?
When humidity goes up, density goes down
VR is
The speed at which the pilot initiaties the roation
The position of CG including fuel is
Calculation to find moment
mass x arms = moment
Index is
Moment divided by a constant
Wake turbulence symbol for light aircraft
L
kmh per hour is written in which letter
K
Loading an aeroplane to the most aft CG will cause the aeroplane to be:
less stable at all speeds
The consequences of operating an aeroplane with the CG beyond the aft limit will be:
all statements are correct
