Fourth Week Flashcards by marwa emad

Yeast like fungi consist of:

Select one:

a. Eukaryotic cells that cannot be grown on artificial media
b. Prokaryotic cells
c. Buds that fail to separate from mother cells forming psudohyphae
d. Intertwined hyphae called mycelium
e. Small colonies of cocci arranged in clusters

Buds that fail to separate from mother cells forming psudohyphae

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Regarding aerial hyphae, the following is true EXCEPT:

Select one:

a. Important for fungal reproduction
b. Responsible for nutrition of the fungus
c. Project above the surface of culture medium
d. Bear the reproductive structures of the mold (spores / conidia)
e. Give the mold colony a characteristic velvety like appearance

Responsible for nutrition of the fungus

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component of the cell membrane of most fungi is:

Select one:

a. peptidoglycan
b. keratin
c. chitin
d. cholesterol
e. ergosterol

e.ergosterol

لو كان cell wall كانت تبقي chitin

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Regarding spore formation in molds all the following is true EXCEPT:

Select one:

a. Usually ends with disintegration of mother cell
b. Involves mitosis.
c. Spores can repeat the fungal life cycle
d. Produce light structures (easy air disseminated).
e. Spores can grow on suitable media

Usually ends with disintegration of mother cell

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Arthroconidia formation involves:

Select one:

a. Formation of resting spores storing nutritive materials.
b. Formation of thick wall heavy structures that resist unsuitable conditions
c. Meiotic division
d. Preservation of the mother hyphae.
e. Fragmentation of the mother hyphae

Fragmentation of the mother hyphae

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Zygospores are formed by:

Select one:

a. Fusion of tips of 2 sexually similar fungal cells
b. Fusion of tips of 2 sexually different fungal cells
c. Binary fission
d. Mitotic division
e. Budding

Fusion of tips of 2 sexually different fungal cells

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Most medically important fungi reproduce by:

Select one:

a. Hyphae formation
b. Arthroconidia formation
c. Asexual reproduction.
d. Binary fission
e. Sexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction.

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Tinea versicolor is caused by

Select one:

a. Cryptococcus neoformans
b. Malassezia furfur
c. Candida species
d. Aspergillus fumigatus

Malassezia furfur

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Which of the following statements is correct

Select one:

a. Mycotoxins contaminate foods containing bacteria formed during storage under moist conditions
b. Mycotoxins contaminate foods containing fungi formed during storage under moist conditions
c. Mycotoxins contaminate foods containing bacteria formed during storage under dry conditions
d. Mycotoxins contaminate foods containing fungi formed during storage under dry conditions

b.Mycotoxins contaminate foods containing fungi formed during storage under moist conditions

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All of the following are dimorphic fungi EXCEPT

Select one:

a. Blastomyces dermatitidis
b. Cryptococcus neoformans
c. Histoplasma capsulatum
d. Coccidioides immitis

Cryptococcus neoformans

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Candida albicansis usually a relatively harmless commensalorganism. Which of the following contributes LEAST to theability of the organism to cause infection?

Select one:

a.Increased use of corticosteroids

b.Production of proteinase by yeast cells in tissue
Candida albicansis usually a relatively harmless commensalorganism. Which of the following contributes LEAST to theability of the organism to cause infection?

Select one:

a. Increased use of corticosteroids
b. Production of proteinase by yeast cells in tissue
c. Decreased immune defenses
d. Increased use of antibiotics
c. Decreased immune defenses
d. Increased use of antibiotics

Production of proteinase by yeast cells in tissue

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Factors contributing to the initiation of opportunistic fungal infections include each of the following EXCEPT

Select one:

a. Anaerobic wound conditions
b. Defective cell-mediated immunity
c. Prolonged use of antibiotics
d. Chemotherapy

Anaerobic wound conditions

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Ergot alkaloids is produced by

Select one:

a. Aspergillus species
b. Staph aureus
c. Nematodes
d. Claviceps purpurea

Claviceps purpurea

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Within a lymph node there is a cortex and a medulla. Which of the following are found in the cortex area?

Select one:

a. B cells
b. NK cells
c. T cells
d. Macrophages

B cells

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Bacteria are cleared from the bloodstream mainly by

Select one:

a. lung capillaries
b. renal capillaries
c. spleen
d. Lymph nodes

spleen

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In secondary lymphoid organs, paracortex contains:

Select one:

a. B cells and T cells
b. T cells
c. Plasma cells
d. B cells

b.T cells

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Which lymphoid tissues trap and remove bacteria entering the intestine?

Select one:

a. axillary lymph nodes
b. tonsils
c. thymus gland
d. Peyer’s patches

Peyer’s patches

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Once B cells leave the bone marrow they

Select one:

a. are completely immature
b. are not fully mature
c. are fully mature
d. become macrophages

are not fully mature

Some tissues have ______ that routinely act as scavengers, devouring old blood cells and other debris

Select one:

a. resident macrophages
b. B-cells
c. backup neutrophils
d. suppressor T-cells

resident macrophages

first line of defense against disease-causing organisms is

Select one:

a. the intact skin
b. cell-based immunity
c. inflammation
d. production of antibodies

the intact skin

Adhesion molecules can control leucocyte migration by

Select one:

a. Agglutinating pathogens in the tissues
b. Binding to specific antigen
c. Changing lymphocyte survival
d. Binding to ligands on the vascular endothelium

Binding to ligands on the vascular endothelium

Which of the following cells would be most active in early, antiviral immune responses the first time one is exposed to pathogen?

Select one:

a. Macrophages
b. Natural killer cells
c. Neutrophil
d. T cell

Natural killer cells

Receptors associated with innate immunity recognize microbes by detecting

Select one:

a. complement
b. none of the above
c. insulin
d. pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)

pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)

NKcells–naturalkillers-belongto

Select one:

a. monocytes
b. eosinophil
c. Basophils
d. lymphocytes

lymphocytes

NK identifies abnormalities on cells by detecting the amount of Select one: a. PRR – pattern recognition receptors b. PAMP – pathogen-associated molecular patterns c. Non self molecules d. MHC molecules

MHC molecules

Which type of lymphocyte is involved in nonspecific immune defense Select one: a. T-cells b. NK cells c. none of these lymphocytes are nonspecific d. B-cells

NK cells

term “MHC restriction” refers to the Select one: a. need for MHC genes to control complement activity b. problems associated with allograft rejection c. inheritance of MHC antigens d. need for antigen to be recognized in association with MHC molecules

need for antigen to be recognized in association with MHC molecules

NK cells can be cytotoxic for other target cells as a result of the release of Select one: a. perforins b. immunoglobulins c. complement d. superantigens

perforins

Which of the following is NOT involved in the process of phagocytosis Select one: a. Membrane evagination and engulfing b. Release of debris and pathogen products from the cell c. Phagosome – lysosome fusion d. Inhibition of proteolytic enzymes

d. Inhibition of proteolytic enzymes

How can neutrophils and monocytes reach an infection site from the bloodstream Select one: a. they are small and diffuse across membranes just like food and gas molecules b. neutrophils and monocytes are amoeboid and can pass through capillary walls c. the portable T lymphocyte differentiates into neutrophils and monocytes when it arrives at the site of infection d. the blood vessels rupture at a site of infection

neutrophils and monocytes are amoeboid and can pass through capillary walls

A protein molecule usually contain multiple…… Select one: a. Paratope b. Carrier c. Epitopes d. Super antigen

Epitopes

One example of sequestrated antigen ………. Select one: a. Flagellar antigen b. Somatic antigen (O-Ag) c. Sperm d. cardiac antigen

Sperm

molecule that can be covalently linked to a non-immunogenic antigen to make it an immunogenic is called………… Select one: a. Carrier b. Hapten c. Adjuvant d. Super antigen

Carrier

Superantigens: Select one: a. Do not bind MHC I b. Do not bind MHC II c. Interact with MHC molecule inside peptide binding groove d. Interact with MHC molecule outside peptide binding groove

Interact with MHC molecule outside peptide binding groove

substance that can evoke either humoral or cell mediated immunity is termed…….. Select one: a. hapten b. adjuvant c. epitope d. immunogen

immunogen

Activation of the complement system, directly results in which one of the following outcomes? Select one: a. Proliferation of T cells b. Enhanced phagocytosis c. Expression of Toll-like receptors on phagocyte cell surface d. Enhancement of immune-mediated neutralization

b. Enhanced phagocytosis

…………. acts as an opsonin Select one: a. C3a b. C5a c. C3b d. C4a

C3b

The membrane attack complex in the complement pathway consists of: Select one: a. Colicins b. C3b3b,Bb c. Properdin d. C5b,6,7,8,9

C5b,6,7,8,9

complement component which is strongly chemotactic for neutrophils is: Select one: a. C3b b. C5a c. C5b d. C3

C5a

The alternative complement pathway is initiated b Select one: a. cell-surface constituents that are recognized as foreign to the host b. stimulation of killer activation receptors on NK cells c. mannose-containing residues of glycoproteins on certain microbes d. toll-like receptor binding to pathogen-associated molecular patterns e. the formation of antibody-antigen complexes

cell-surface constituents that are recognized as foreign to the host

The classical pathway of complement functions to Select one: a. cleave immunoglobulins into Fe fragments b. facilitate destruction of microbes c. trigger histamine release d. regulate lymphocyte development e. recognize specific epitopes on microbes

facilitate destruction of microbes

Which of the following antibody isotypes facilitate the sequential binding of the C 1 , C4, C2, and C3 components of the complement system Select one: a. lgG and lgM b. lgA and lgD c. lgA and lgE d. lgE and lgG e. lgA and lgM

. lgG and lgM

Complement component C3 is cleaved by Select one: a. Factor D b. Factor B c. C3bBb d. C3b e. Factor H

C3bBb

Fourth Week Flashcards

Myocology-immunology