Fourth 50 Flashcards
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Which brain structure causes EEG arousals / awakenings?
Reticular activating system
Which neurotransmitter is at the highest levels during wake / REM?
Acetylcholine
Which neurotransmitters activate the cerebral cortex?
Histamine, Glutamate, Noradrenaline
Which structure of the brain does not play a major role in REM sleep?
Raphe nuclei (primarily involved in NREM sleep)
What is normal percentage of REM sleep?
25%
The human circadian rhythm oscillates every…?
90 minutes
What does blood pressure do during sleep?
Reduces
During which stage of sleep does the core body temp drop?
REM
What occurs after sleep deprivation?
N3 and REM rebound
Which stage is seen for the majority of the circadian rhythm?
Wake
Which is considered a transitional stage of sleep?
N1
What percentage of sleep is stage N1?
5-10%
Which part of the night has the most N3 sleep?
The first third
What is the average sleep efficiency in most adults?
90% Asleep for most of the time they are in bed
Older adults typically have a —–amplitude compared to younger adults
Lower
What does alcohol due to REM?
Suppresses it in favor of N3
In which age group are high amp, low frequency EEG waves most seen?
Infants
How many limb movements are required in a series of PLMs?
4
What may help narcolepsy?
Exercising 4-6 hours before bedtime
What is required in leg movements?
Duration, amplitude and interval are all requirements
What defines a K-complex?
At least 0.5 sec, no minimum amplitude
Define EEG arousal during NREM
A shift in EEG frequency for at least 3 seconds
