Four Stages of Writing Development - KROLL

Question 1

Preparation

Answer 1

UP TO 6 YRS

• Basic motor skills acquired
• Some principles of spelling acquired

Question 2

Consolidation

Answer 2

7 - 8 YRS

• Writing similar to spoken language (colloquial and informal register)
• e.g. A string of clauses joined by the conjunction ‘and’

Question 3

Differentiation

Answer 3

9 - 10 YRS

• Awareness of writing as separate to spoken language
• Stronger understanding of different audiences and purposes
• Becomes more automatic

Question 4

Integration

Answer 4

Mid-teens

• Use of the ‘personal voice’ in writing
• Controlled writing, appropriate linguistic choices being made consistently

Question 5

In which year was this theory established?

Answer 5

1981