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Foundationtional Knowledge- The Easy Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

What is ABA?

A

A scientific approach for discovering environmental variables that reliably influence socially significant behavior and for developing technology of behavior change this is practical and applicable

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2
Q

What is Science?

A

A systematic approach for seeking and organizing knowledge about the natural world

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3
Q

What are three levels of scientific understanding?

A

DPC-
Description
Prediction
Control

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4
Q

What is the purpose of science?

A

To achieve a thorough understanding of phenomena under study- For ABA it’s socially important behaviors

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5
Q

Description

A

Systematic observations that can be quantified and classified

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6
Q

Prediction

A

Two events may regularly occur at the same time, not necessarily causation

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7
Q

AKA of Prediction

A

Correlation, Covariation

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8
Q

Control

A

Functional Relation- the highest level of scientific understanding- Manipulating IV results in DV

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9
Q

AKA of Control

A

Causation

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10
Q

6 Attitudes of Science/ Philosophical Assumptions of Behavior

A 
DEER PP
Determinism
Empiricism
Experimentation 
Replication
Parsimony
Philosophical Doubt
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11
Q

Determinism

A

Cause and effect

Lawfulness- If/Then

The world is orderly and predictable

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12
Q

Empiricism

A

FACTS

Experimental data based scientific approach, drawing upon observation

Objective quantification and detailed description

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13
Q

Experimentation

A

Basic strategy

Manipulating variable to see effects on DV

Assessment to determine if one event caused another event

All variables controlled except for DV

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14
Q

Replication

A

Repeating experiments

The method that scientists use to determine the reliability and usefulness of their findings

Makes science a self correcting enterprise

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15
Q

Parsimony

A

All simple and logical explanations must be ruled out before considering more complex explanations

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16
Q

Philosophical Doubt

A

Having healthy skepticism

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17
Q

AKA of Experimentation

A

Experimental Analysis

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18
Q

7 Dimensions of ABA

A 
BATCAGE
Behavioral
Applied
Technological
Conceptually Systematic
Analytic 
Generality 
Effective
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19
Q

Where were the 7 elements of ABA outlined in 1968?

A

First Edition of JABA

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20
Q

Behavioral

A

Observable events

The behavior one chooses must be the behavior in need of improvement

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21
Q

Applied

A

ABA improves everyday life of clients
Improves SOCIALLY SIGNIFICANT BEHAVIORS

Also significant others

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22
Q

Technological

A

Defines procedures clearly and in detail so they are REPLICABLE

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23
Q

Conceptually Systematic

A

All procedures used should be tied to the basic principles of behavior analysis from which they were derived

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24
Q

Analytical

A

A functional relationship is demonstrated

Description when experimenter demonstrated a functional relation between the manipulated events and a reliable change in some measurable dimensions of the targeted behavior

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25
Generality
Extends behavior change across setting, time or other behaviors
26
Effective
Improves behavior in a practical manner, not simply making a change that is statistically significant
27
AKA for Analytic
Functional Relation Experimentation Control Causation
28
AKA for Generality
Generalization
29
Mentalism
An approach to explaining behaviors that assumes an inner dimension exists and causes behavior Traditional psychology has been and continues to be dominated by mentalism
30
Hypothetical Constructs
Presumed but unobserved, entities
31
Explanatory Fictions
Fictitious variables that are another name for the observed behavior. They contribute nothing to an understanding of the variables responsible for maintaining behavior Words that are associated with explanatory fiction include the following "knows", "wants", "figure out", etc.
32
Circular Reasoning
The cause and effect are both inferred from the same information
33
Behaviorism
Philosophy of the science of behavior Environmental explanation of behavior
34
4 Branches of Behavioral Analysis
``` CASE Conceptual Analysis of Behavior ABA Behavior Service Delivery Experimental Analysis of Behavior EAB ```
35
Conceptual Analysis of Behavior
Examines philosophical, theoretical, historical and methodological issues
36
ABA
Technology for improving behaviors
37
Behavior Service Delivery
Professional practice
38
Experimental Analysis of Behavior EAB
Research
39
AKA of Conceptual Analysis of Behavior
Behaviorism
40
AKA of Mentalism
Spiritual, Psychic, Subjective, Feelings, Attitudes, Processing
41
AKA of Hypothetical Constructs
Imaginary Constructs
42
Ivan Pavlov
Classical Conditioning | Respondent Conditioning of dogs
43
John Watson
First person to describe behaviorism as a formal system Methodological behaviorism- only looks at publically observable events Said we should study relationship between Stim and Response Little Albert
44
B.F Skinner
Radical behaviorism Includes private events in understanding of behavior Because it was a new theory it was considered RADICAL
45
What were 2 main sources that contributed to Skinner's Radical Behaviorism?
Darwinian Selectionism Pragmatisim
46
Darwinian Selectionism
3 term contingency by species and survival All forms of life evolve as a result of selection with respect to function Selection by consequences operates during lifetime of individual or ontogeny and is similar to natural selection in evolutionary history of species or phylogeny Behaviors result in the best outcomes are selected and survive
47
Darwinian Selectionism AKA
Selection by consequences
48
Pragmatism
A probabilistic AB because of C philosophy Answers how do things come to be and how can things be changed
49
2 Primary Types of Behavior
Respondent Behavior Operant Behavior
50
Respondent Behavior
Elicited or brought out Involuntary Behaviors someone does not have to learn Reflex Habituation
51
AKA's for Respondent Behavior
Reflex, Reflexive Relations, Unconditioned Stimulus- Unconditioned Response
52
Phylogeny
Behavior that is inherited genetically Respondent behavior is due to phylogenic
53
Respondent Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov When new stimuli acquire the ability to elicit respondents
54
AKA for Respondent Conditioning
Classical Conditioning Pavlovian Conditioning Stimulus Stimulus Pairing (S-S) Conditioned Stimulus- Conditioned Response (CS-CR)
55
Operant Behavior
Emit/Evoke A behavior probability of occurrence is determined by its history of consequences Voluntary Action Operants defined by function Encompases reinforcement and punishment Adaptation
56
AKA's for Operant Behavior
Stimulus- Response- Stimulus Model (S-R-S) 3 Term Contingency ABC
57
Ontogeny
Learning results from an organism's interaction with his environment Operant behavior is due to ONTOGENIC history
58
Operant Contingency
The occasion for a response, the response and outcome of response Dependency of a particular consequence on the occurrence of the behavior When a reinforcer or punisher is said to be contingent on a behavior the behavior must be emitted for the consequence to occur
59
What is the primary unit of analysis in ABA
3 term contingency, S-R-S, ABC
60
AKA's for Operant Contingency
Behavioral contingency, contingency, 3 term contingency, ABA
61
Contiguity
When 2 stimuli occur close together in time resulting in an association of those 2 stimuli
62
How does contiguity apply to respondent conditioning?
Temporal contiguity how close together in time affects the pairing of the CS and US
63
How contiguity apply to operant conditioning?
Temporal contiguity affects the pairing of the behavior and consequence This is how superstitious behavior can be developed because of the temporal contiguity between a specific response and reinforcer or punisher
64
AKA for Contiguity
Temporal Contiguity
65
Respondent Operant Interactions
An experience can often include both respondent and operant conditioning that occur together at the same time
66
What is not behavior?
``` The Dead Man Test Being hungry Being anxious Getting wet Receiving money Being blown over by a strong gust ```
67
3 Principle of Behavior
PER Punishment Extinction Reinforcement

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