Foundations of the Nervous System/Brain Flashcards
Contralateral
Opposite side of the body
Ipsilateral
Same side of the body
Afferent
Sensory input from the body
Efference
Motor output from the body
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Made up of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Involves the nerves coming out from the spinal cord
Connection between the CNS and the muscles/organs
Autonomic Nervous System (PNS)
Involves involuntary functions and includes the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
Parasympathetic System
Peace
Brings the body back to its state of relaxation (REST AND DIGEST)
Sympathetic System
Stress
Mobilizes the body in situations of stress (FIGHT OR FLIGHT)
Somatic Nervous System
Regulates
Cerebrum
The largest division of the brain. It is divided into 2 hemispheres and 4 lobes
Cerebral Cortex
The outermost layer that comprises the superficial aspect of the cerebrum
Sulcus
Groove in the brain
Fissure
A deeper groove (sulcus) of the brain
Gyrus
Ridge of the brain
White matter
Consists of myelinated axons
Function of white matter
To form tracts that connect different areas of the central nervous system
Gray matter
Consists of cell bodies, unmyelinated axons and dendrites
Function of gray matter
To process and integrate incoming and outgoing signals
Four major sulci
- Central sulcus
- Sylvian/lateral fissure
- Transverse
- Longitudinal/Interhemispheric Fissure
Central sulcus
separates the primary motor cortex from the primary somatosensory cortex as well as frontal and parietal lobes
Sylvian/lateral fissure
Separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe
Transverse
Separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum
Longitudinal/Interhemispheric Fissure
separates the two hemispheres of the brain
What is the motor homonculus?
Representation of the brain to show that there are different areas along the PMC that are responsible for different body parts
Where is the primary motor cortex located?
Frontal lobe
Where is the somatosensory cortex located?
Parietal lobe
How does knowledge of neuroanatomy inform our work as SLPs in pediatric/adult clinical settings?
Knowing the timing of neurodevelopment can help determine which skills might be affected by the injury and which may have been fully developed prior to the injury.
