Foundations of the Nervous System/Brain

Question 1

Contralateral

Answer 1

Opposite side of the body

Question 2

Ipsilateral

Answer 2

Same side of the body

Question 3

Afferent

Answer 3

Sensory input from the body

Question 4

Efference

Answer 4

Motor output from the body

Question 5

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 5

Made up of the brain and spinal cord

Question 6

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 6

Involves the nerves coming out from the spinal cord

Connection between the CNS and the muscles/organs

Question 7

Autonomic Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 7

Involves involuntary functions and includes the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Question 8

Parasympathetic System

Answer 8

Peace

Brings the body back to its state of relaxation (REST AND DIGEST)

Question 9

Sympathetic System

Answer 9

Stress

Mobilizes the body in situations of stress (FIGHT OR FLIGHT)

Question 10

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 10

Regulates

Question 11

Cerebrum

Answer 11

The largest division of the brain. It is divided into 2 hemispheres and 4 lobes

Question 12

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 12

The outermost layer that comprises the superficial aspect of the cerebrum

Question 13

Sulcus

Answer 13

Groove in the brain

Question 14

Fissure

Answer 14

A deeper groove (sulcus) of the brain

Question 15

Gyrus

Answer 15

Ridge of the brain

Question 16

White matter

Answer 16

Consists of myelinated axons

Question 17

Function of white matter

Answer 17

To form tracts that connect different areas of the central nervous system

Question 18

Gray matter

Answer 18

Consists of cell bodies, unmyelinated axons and dendrites

Question 19

Function of gray matter

Answer 19

To process and integrate incoming and outgoing signals

Question 20

Four major sulci

Answer 20

1. Central sulcus
2. Sylvian/lateral fissure
3. Transverse
4. Longitudinal/Interhemispheric Fissure

Question 21

Central sulcus

Answer 21

separates the primary motor cortex from the primary somatosensory cortex as well as frontal and parietal lobes

Question 22

Sylvian/lateral fissure

Answer 22

Separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe

Question 23

Transverse

Answer 23

Separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

Question 24

Longitudinal/Interhemispheric Fissure

Answer 24

separates the two hemispheres of the brain

Question 25

What is the motor homonculus?

Answer 25

Representation of the brain to show that there are different areas along the PMC that are responsible for different body parts

Question 26

Where is the primary motor cortex located?

Answer 26

Frontal lobe

Question 27

Where is the somatosensory cortex located?

Answer 27

Parietal lobe

Question 28

How does knowledge of neuroanatomy inform our work as SLPs in pediatric/adult clinical settings?

Answer 28

Knowing the timing of neurodevelopment can help determine which skills might be affected by the injury and which may have been fully developed prior to the injury.