Foundations of Reading 1 Flashcards
As students begin to read, the ability to blend phonemes orally contributes to their reading development primarily because it prepares students to:
combine letter-sounds to decode words.
A teacher is selecting words to use to assess students’ ability to segment the individual phonemes in spoken words. Which of the following words would require the highest level of skill with regard to orally segmenting phonemes?
stamp
Which of the following tasks requires the most advanced level of skill along the phonological awareness continuum?
orally segmenting the phonemes in the word chimp and then substituting /ŏ/ for /ĭ/ to make a new word, chomp
A kindergarten teacher engages a small group of children in the following Say It and Move It activity.
* The teacher says a two-phoneme word slowly (e.g., ape, bee, day, eat, go, she, toe).
* The children slowly repeat the word.
* The children move a plain wooden block as they say each phoneme, lining up the two blocks from left to right.
Once the children demonstrate mastery of this activity, which of the following strategies would be most appropriate for the teacher to use next to build the children’s phonemic awareness?
displaying pictures for a pair of two- and three-phoneme words that differ by a single phoneme (e.g., toe, toad) and having the children complete the Say It and Move It activity for each word in the pair
Use the table below to answer the question that follows.
Line 1 though 2; Line 2 best 3; Line 3 fresh 5; Line 4 4 scratch 6
In which line in the table is a word accurately matched to the number of phonemes the word contains?
Line 1
A prekindergarten teacher asks a small group of children to listen to and repeat what the teacher says. First, the teacher says the word mop and then pronounces it as /m/ and [ŏp]. Next, the teacher says the word take and then pronounces it as /t/ and [āk]. This activity is likely to promote the children’s phonological awareness primarily by:
showing them how to segment words into onsets and rimes.
A prekindergarten teacher is reading a storybook to the class so that the children can see the words and pictures while the teacher points to the line of print. This activity best contributes to the children’s emergent reading development primarily by:
developing their awareness of left-to-right directionality.
Having kindergarten children practice tracing the letters of the alphabet in sand is most appropriate for children who need additional support in:
developing letter-formation skills
A kindergarten teacher encourages beginning readers to “write” their own captions beneath their drawings. This practice is most likely to lead to which of the following outcomes?
The children’s grasp of the alphabetic principle will be reinforced as they apply phonetic spelling.
A kindergarten teacher is reading a big book to a group of children. The teacher periodically points to the beginning consonant of selected words and accentuates its initial phoneme as the teacher reads the word aloud. The teacher’s practice is most likely to reinforce the children’s:
awareness of letter-sound correspondences.
A fourth-grade student who reads on grade level and consistently performs well on spelling tests that are part of weekly word study activities often misspells the same words, and other familiar words, in everyday writings. The following table shows examples of typical errors the student makes on class writing assignments and in informal notes to friends.
Target Word: form; Student Spelling: from; TW:split; SS:spilt; printed; pinted; dependent;depedent
The student’s overall spelling performance suggests that the student would benefit most from a targeted intervention focused on which of the following foundational skills?
segmenting all the phonemes in a word sequentially
A first-grade teacher administers a spelling assessment midway through the school year. Afterward, the teacher analyzes students’ spelling errors and categorizes the errors according to their most likely cause.
Phonemic Awareness—The spelling error indicates difficulty perceiving all the sounds in words. Code—The spelling error indicates a code-based difficulty (i.e., mastery of specific
phonics/morphemic elements and associated orthographic patterns).
Several students in the class make spelling errors that primarily fall under the category of phonemic awareness. The students’ spelling development would benefit most from an intervention focused on promoting their ability to apply which of the following foundational skills?
segmenting sequentially all the phonemes that make up a spoken word
Which of the following students is demonstrating the specific type of phonological awareness known as phonemic awareness?
a student who, after hearing the word hat, can orally identify that it ends with the sound /t/
Several children in a kindergarten class have mastered orally blending sets of spoken sounds together to make words. Which of the following additional skills demonstrated by the children would best indicate that they are ready to begin instruction in decoding simple words?
identifying letter-sound correspondences consistently for several high-utility letters, such as a, m, t, and s, when prompted by the teacher
Which of the following statements provides the best rationale for incorporating spelling instruction into a first-grade reading program?
Spelling instruction reinforces students’ knowledge of phonics patterns, which supports their development of automaticity and ability to construct meaning while reading.
