Foundations of Government and Citizenship

Question 1

government

Answer 1

the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies.

Question 2

public policies

Answer 2

all of those things a government decides to do examples include taxation, defense, edu, crime, and health care

Question 3

legislative power

Answer 3

the power to make laws and to frame public policies

Question 4

executive power

Answer 4

the power to execute, enforce, and administer laws

Question 5

judicial power

Answer 5

the power to interpret laws, to determine their meaning, and to settle disputes that arise with in the society

Question 6

dictatorship

Answer 6

In this form of government, those who rule cannot be held responsible to the will of the people.

Question 7

democracy

Answer 7

supreme authority rests with the people.

Question 8

Aristotle

Answer 8

observed that “man is by nature a political animal.

Question 9

state

Answer 9

a body of people, living in a defined territory, organized politically (that is, with a government), and with the power to make and enforce law
without the consent of any higher authority.

Question 10

sovereign

Answer 10

it has supreme and absolute power within its own
territory and can decide its own foreign and domestic policies.

Question 11

4 origins of the state

Answer 11

1. Force theory
2. Divine rights of kings theory
3. Evolutionary theory
4. Social contract theory

Question 12

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 12

Gave immortality to the defenition of democracy

Question 13

Autocracy

Answer 13

A single person holds unlimited political power

Question 14

Oligarchy

Answer 14

Government in which the power to rule is held by a small, usually self-appointed elite

Question 15

Unitary government

Answer 15

All powers held by the government

Question 16

three classifications

Answer 16

1. who can participate
2. Geographic distribution of power
3. Legislative and executive branches

Question 17

federal government

Answer 17

one in which the powers of government are divided between a central government and several local governments.

Question 18

division of powers

Answer 18

cannot be changed by either the local or national level acting alone. Both
levels of government act directly on the people through their own sets of laws, officials, and agencies.

Question 19

confederation

Answer 19

an alliance of independent states.

Question 20

presidential government

Answer 20

a system of shared powers in which the executive and legislative branches have separate powers.

Question 21

parliamentary government

Answer 21

the executive branch is made up of the prime minister or premier, and that official’s cabinet. prime minister is chosen by legislative branch. must work togther.

Question 22

preamble

Answer 22

1. form a more perfect union
2. establish justice
3. insure domestic tranquility
4. provide for the common defense
5. promote the general welfare
6. secure the blessing of liberty and posterity

Question 23

5 foundations of democracy

Answer 23

1. fundamental worth
2. equality of persons
3. majority rule and minority rights
4. necessity of compromise
5. individual freedom

Question 24

fundamental worth

Answer 24

interests of a few are often subordinate to the well being of many

Question 25

equality of persons

Answer 25

not equality of conditions but equality of opportunity and equality before the law.

Question 26

majority rule and minority rights

Answer 26

majority must always listen to the minority before making decisions

Question 27

necessity of compromise

Answer 27

making an even trade without getting everything that was wanted and making both parties happy

Question 28

individual freedom

Answer 28

every one has freedoms however they cannot intrude upon other people’s freedoms; true absolute freedom only exists in anarchy

Question 29

Winston Churchill

Answer 29

once put the argument for democracy this way: “No one pretends that democracy is perfect or all wise. Indeed, it has been said that democracy is the worst form of government except all those other forms that have been tried from time to time.”

Question 30

majority rule

Answer 30

Democracy holds that a majority will be right more often than it will be wrong, and that the majority will also be right more often than any one person or small group will.

Question 31

Compromise

Answer 31

the process of blending and adjusting competing views and interests.

Question 32

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.

Answer 32

had this to say about the relative nature of each individual’s rights: “The right to swing
my fist ends where the other man’s nose begins.”

Question 33

Theodore Roosevelt

Answer 33

“The first requisite of a good citizen in our republic is that he should be able and willing to pull his weight.”

Question 34

George Washington

Answer 34

“the very idea of the power and right of the People to establish Government presupposes the duty of every individual to obey the established Government.”

Question 35

citizen

Answer 35

one who holds both rights and responsibilities in a state.

Question 36

free enterprise system

Answer 36

an economic system characterized by the private ownership of capital goods

Question 37

Lesson 1

Answer 37

Principle of Government

Question 38

Lesson 2

Answer 38

Types of Government

Question 39

Lesson 4

Answer 39

The Basics of Democracy