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540 Diagnostic Assessment & Treatment Planning > Foundations of Assessment > Flashcards

Foundations of Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What is assessment?

A

Process of collecting valid and reliable information
Then integrating and interpreting it to make a judgement or a decision about something

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2
Q

What is the outcome of assessment?

A

Diagnosis
Assignment of a diagnostic label

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3
Q

What makes good assessment?

A

Variety
Reliable
Thorough
Valid
Tailored

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4
Q

What does it mean if an assessment has variety?

A

Use different assessment modalities, interview, history, formal testing, informal testing, observations

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5
Q

What does it mean if an assessment is reliable?

A

Accurately reflect communicative abilities of the client
Reevaluation would give similar results

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6
Q

What does it mean if an assessment is thorough?

A

Incorporates all relevant information and yields accurate diagnosis/recommendations

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7
Q

What does it mean if an assessment is valid?

A

Evaluates the skills that it intends to evaluate

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8
Q

What does it mean if an assessment is tailored?

A

Appropriate for the age, gender, skill levels, ethnocultural background, etc.

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9
Q

Overview of the assessment process

A

Case history
Interview
Orofacial mechanism
All areas assessed
Hearing
Analyze
Share findings

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10
Q

What is the case history?

A

Historical information about the client and their family/caregivers

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11
Q

What is the interview?

A

Interviewing client, family/caregivers, or both

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12
Q

What is the interview?

A

Interviewing client, family/caregivers, or both

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13
Q

What is the orofacial mechanism?

A

Oral mech
Structural and functional integrity of orofacial mechanism

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14
Q

What are all the areas assessed as part of the assessment process?

A

Articulation, language, fluency, voice, resonance, and/or cognition
Dysphagia: assess chewing/swallowing

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15
Q

What does the hearing component of the assessment process?

A

Screen or obtain hearing evaluation information

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16
Q

What is the analyze portion of the assessment process?

A

Analyze information and determine appropriate diagnosis/conclusion, prognosis and recommendations

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17
Q

What is the share findings portion of the assessment process?

A

Formal written record (report) and a meeting with client and/or caregiver
May also meet with other professionals

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18
Q

Evaluations refers to ____ in time

A

One point

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19
Q

Evaluation implies that

A

We are comparing the client’s performance to some “typical” or “expected” level

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20
Q

What are the purposes of assessment?

A

Draw a conclusion about an individual’s communicative abilities
AND
Describe the client’s strengths and weaknesses (needs)

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21
Q

Assessment is ongoing or static? Will be used with?

A

Ongoing
Will be used with clients to assess current level, progress, evaluate generalization, etc.

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22
Q

What is static assessment? What assessments does this include?

A

-Provides information about how a client’s performance compares to a group and/or standard
-Standardized or norm-referenced tests

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23
Q

What is dynamic assessment?

A

-Provides information about the types of support that improve client performance
-Test-retest-test
-Uses standardized or non-standardized measures that help identify prompts/cues that facilitate performance
-Trial therapy tasks

24
Q

What is authentic assessment?

A

-Provides information about how a client functions in their “natural environment”
-Example: home, daycare, etc
-Testing ability to generalize skills to different environments

25
Q

Norm-referenced tests are…

A

Standardized
Compared to a normative group (large representative sample group)
How does the client compare to the average

26
Q

Normal distribution is often depicted over a

A

Bell shaped curve

27
Q

Pros of norm referenced tests

A

-Objective
-Compare to a large group of similar individuals
-Efficient
-Commonly known and understood in the profession
-Does not require a high level of skill
-Useful for 3rd party payment/qualification of services

28
Q

Cons of norm-referenced tests

A

-Don’t allow for individualization
-Static- what do they know NOW vs how they learn best
-Skills are evaluated in isolation
-Testing is unnatural - doesn’t represent real life or other factors
-May not be appropriate for culturally/linguistically diverse clients
-Must be administered exactly as instructed or results aren’t valid/reliable

29
Q

What are criterion-referenced tests?

A

-May or may not be standardized
-DO NOT compare to a normative group
-Identify WHAT a client can and cannot do (compared predefined criterion/expected level of performance)

30
Q

Criterion referenced tests are great for use with which type of population?

A

-Neurogenic disorders
-Fluency disorders
-Voice disorders
-CLD (culturally and linguistically diverse children)

31
Q

Pros of criterion referenced tests

A

Objective
Efficient
Commonly known and understood in the profession
If well-known, can be acceptable for 3rd party payment or qualification of services
If non-standardized, some opportunity for individualization

32
Q

Cons of criterion referenced tests

A

Skills are evaluation in isolation
Testing is unnatural - doesn’t represent real life or other factors
If standardized, don’t allow for individualization and must be administered exactly as instructed or results aren’t valid or reliable

33
Q

What is authentic assessment?

A

-Identifies what a client can and cannot do
-Contextualized: test environment is more realistic and natural
-Ongoing: testing occurs during assessment and treatment

34
Q

Authentic assessment requires

A

More clinical skills/creativity/experience
Need to review portfolio regularly to review/add/change

35
Q

What are some strategies for authentic assessment?

A

Systematic observations: use charts and scales
Real-life simulations
Language sample
Structured symbolic play
Self-monitoring
Anecdotal notes
Short answer or extended answer responses
Audiotaping
Videotaping
Checklists
Caregivers

36
Q

Pros of authentic assessment

A

Natural
Most like the real world/environment
Self eval/monitoring
Individualization
Beneficial for culturally diverse clients
Flexible

37
Q

Cons of authentic assessment

A

Lacks objectivity
Not standardized
Reliability/validity not assured
Not efficient - LOTS of planning
Impractical (sometimes)
May not work for 3rd part payment/qualification of services

38
Q

What is dynamic assessment?

A

Type of authentic assessment
Use test-reteach-test
Allows to compare pretest and post-test scores to see learning abilities
Use strategies like cueing, prompting, environmental adjustment, etc.

39
Q

What are psychometric principles?

A

What makes a test an assessment

40
Q

Psychometric principles: What are the different types of validity?

A

Face: test appears to test what it says it will test
Content: test contents represent the contain domain of the skill
Construct: test measure the theoretical construct it claims to measure
Criterion: test is related to an external criterion in a predictive or congruent way

41
Q

Psychometric principles: What are the different types of reliability?

A

Test-retest: test is stable over time, scores are similar each time the person is tested
Split-half: internal consistency based on each half of the test correlating with one another
Rater: level of agreement among those rating the test (same score no matter who administers the test)
Alternate form: test’s correlation coefficient with a similar test

42
Q

What is standardization?

A

Standard procedure for administration and scoring
Done through purpose of test, age, construction/development, administration/scoring procedures, normative sample group/statistical information, reliability, validity
ALL info contained in the manual

43
Q

A part of standardization is determining the ___ age of a patient based on the day that the test was administered

A

Chronological

44
Q

What are basals?

A

Starting point testing/scoring
Typically based on age

45
Q

What are ceilings?

A

Ending point for testing/scoring
Typically based on number of consecutive incorrect responses

46
Q

Why are basals and ceilings used?

A

Efficient

47
Q

Standardized administration: what is involved in formulaic administration?

A

Repetition of stimulus
Time

48
Q

Standardized administration: what are accommodations and what does that include?

A

Minor adjustments to the testing situation that do NOT compromise standardization
Example: providing the test in large print

49
Q

Standardized administration: what are modifications?

A

Adjustments that do change the standardized administration
Example: rewording, repetitions

50
Q

What is HIPAA?

A

Health insurance portability and accountability act
Protect patient’s health information

51
Q

Who dictates the code of ethics for SLPs? What is part of the code?

A

ASHA
Integrity, competence, continued learning, fight against prejudices and biases, best interest of clients always kept in mind

52
Q

What is case history?

A

Starting point for evaluation
Completed by the caregiver/client and reviewed by the clinician prior to services

53
Q

What limits the value of case history?

A

Terminology on the forms, rushed responses, elapsed time between onset and evaluation, life events/circumstances, cultural differences

54
Q

What is the intake interview?

A

Conducted with client/caregiver at start of eval/assessment

55
Q

What types of questions are used during the intake interview?

A

Closed-ended: answered with yes/no
Open-ended: get short and direct responses

56
Q

As part of the intake process, clinicians obtain information from other professionals. What does this mean?

A

Getting notes and health history from other SLPs, AuD, physicians, dentists, educators, etc.
Need written auth for this

57
Q

Why is information from other healthcare professionals important?

A

Helps with further understanding about the issues a client is presenting with

540 Diagnostic Assessment & Treatment Planning (8 decks)

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