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540 Diagnostic Assessment & Treatment Planning > Foundations of Assessment > Flashcards

Foundations of Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What is assessment?

A

Process of collecting valid and reliable information
Then integrating and interpreting it to make a judgement or a decision about something

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2
Q

What is the outcome of assessment?

A

Diagnosis
Assignment of a diagnostic label

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3
Q

What makes good assessment?

A

Variety
Reliable
Thorough
Valid
Tailored

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4
Q

What does it mean if an assessment has variety?

A

Use different assessment modalities, interview, history, formal testing, informal testing, observations

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5
Q

What does it mean if an assessment is reliable?

A

Accurately reflect communicative abilities of the client
Reevaluation would give similar results

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6
Q

What does it mean if an assessment is thorough?

A

Incorporates all relevant information and yields accurate diagnosis/recommendations

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7
Q

What does it mean if an assessment is valid?

A

Evaluates the skills that it intends to evaluate

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8
Q

What does it mean if an assessment is tailored?

A

Appropriate for the age, gender, skill levels, ethnocultural background, etc.

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9
Q

Overview of the assessment process

A

Case history
Interview
Orofacial mechanism
All areas assessed
Hearing
Analyze
Share findings

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10
Q

What is the case history?

A

Historical information about the client and their family/caregivers

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11
Q

What is the interview?

A

Interviewing client, family/caregivers, or both

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12
Q

What is the interview?

A

Interviewing client, family/caregivers, or both

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13
Q

What is the orofacial mechanism?

A

Oral mech
Structural and functional integrity of orofacial mechanism

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14
Q

What are all the areas assessed as part of the assessment process?

A

Articulation, language, fluency, voice, resonance, and/or cognition
Dysphagia: assess chewing/swallowing

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15
Q

What does the hearing component of the assessment process?

A

Screen or obtain hearing evaluation information

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16
Q

What is the analyze portion of the assessment process?

A

Analyze information and determine appropriate diagnosis/conclusion, prognosis and recommendations

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17
Q

What is the share findings portion of the assessment process?

A

Formal written record (report) and a meeting with client and/or caregiver
May also meet with other professionals

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18
Q

Evaluations refers to ____ in time

A

One point

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19
Q

Evaluation implies that

A

We are comparing the client’s performance to some “typical” or “expected” level

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20
Q

What are the purposes of assessment?

A

Draw a conclusion about an individual’s communicative abilities
AND
Describe the client’s strengths and weaknesses (needs)

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21
Q

Assessment is ongoing or static? Will be used with?

A

Ongoing
Will be used with clients to assess current level, progress, evaluate generalization, etc.

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22
Q

What is static assessment? What assessments does this include?

A

-Provides information about how a client’s performance compares to a group and/or standard
-Standardized or norm-referenced tests

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23
Q

What is dynamic assessment?

A

-Provides information about the types of support that improve client performance
-Test-retest-test
-Uses standardized or non-standardized measures that help identify prompts/cues that facilitate performance
-Trial therapy tasks

24
Q

What is authentic assessment?

A

-Provides information about how a client functions in their “natural environment”
-Example: home, daycare, etc
-Testing ability to generalize skills to different environments

25
Norm-referenced tests are...
Standardized Compared to a normative group (large representative sample group) How does the client compare to the average
26
Normal distribution is often depicted over a
Bell shaped curve
27
Pros of norm referenced tests
-Objective -Compare to a large group of similar individuals -Efficient -Commonly known and understood in the profession -Does not require a high level of skill -Useful for 3rd party payment/qualification of services
28
Cons of norm-referenced tests
-Don't allow for individualization -Static- what do they know NOW vs how they learn best -Skills are evaluated in isolation -Testing is unnatural - doesn't represent real life or other factors -May not be appropriate for culturally/linguistically diverse clients -Must be administered exactly as instructed or results aren't valid/reliable
29
What are criterion-referenced tests?
-May or may not be standardized -DO NOT compare to a normative group -Identify WHAT a client can and cannot do (compared predefined criterion/expected level of performance)
30
Criterion referenced tests are great for use with which type of population?
-Neurogenic disorders -Fluency disorders -Voice disorders -CLD (culturally and linguistically diverse children)
31
Pros of criterion referenced tests
Objective Efficient Commonly known and understood in the profession If well-known, can be acceptable for 3rd party payment or qualification of services If non-standardized, some opportunity for individualization
32
Cons of criterion referenced tests
Skills are evaluation in isolation Testing is unnatural - doesn't represent real life or other factors If standardized, don't allow for individualization and must be administered exactly as instructed or results aren't valid or reliable
33
What is authentic assessment?
-Identifies what a client can and cannot do -Contextualized: test environment is more realistic and natural -Ongoing: testing occurs during assessment and treatment
34
Authentic assessment requires
More clinical skills/creativity/experience Need to review portfolio regularly to review/add/change
35
What are some strategies for authentic assessment?
Systematic observations: use charts and scales Real-life simulations Language sample Structured symbolic play Self-monitoring Anecdotal notes Short answer or extended answer responses Audiotaping Videotaping Checklists Caregivers
36
Pros of authentic assessment
Natural Most like the real world/environment Self eval/monitoring Individualization Beneficial for culturally diverse clients Flexible
37
Cons of authentic assessment
Lacks objectivity Not standardized Reliability/validity not assured Not efficient - LOTS of planning Impractical (sometimes) May not work for 3rd part payment/qualification of services
38
What is dynamic assessment?
Type of authentic assessment Use test-reteach-test Allows to compare pretest and post-test scores to see learning abilities Use strategies like cueing, prompting, environmental adjustment, etc.
39
What are psychometric principles?
What makes a test an assessment
40
Psychometric principles: What are the different types of validity?
Face: test appears to test what it says it will test Content: test contents represent the contain domain of the skill Construct: test measure the theoretical construct it claims to measure Criterion: test is related to an external criterion in a predictive or congruent way
41
Psychometric principles: What are the different types of reliability?
Test-retest: test is stable over time, scores are similar each time the person is tested Split-half: internal consistency based on each half of the test correlating with one another Rater: level of agreement among those rating the test (same score no matter who administers the test) Alternate form: test's correlation coefficient with a similar test
42
What is standardization?
Standard procedure for administration and scoring Done through purpose of test, age, construction/development, administration/scoring procedures, normative sample group/statistical information, reliability, validity ALL info contained in the manual
43
A part of standardization is determining the ___ age of a patient based on the day that the test was administered
Chronological
44
What are basals?
Starting point testing/scoring Typically based on age
45
What are ceilings?
Ending point for testing/scoring Typically based on number of consecutive incorrect responses
46
Why are basals and ceilings used?
Efficient
47
Standardized administration: what is involved in formulaic administration?
Repetition of stimulus Time
48
Standardized administration: what are accommodations and what does that include?
Minor adjustments to the testing situation that do NOT compromise standardization Example: providing the test in large print
49
Standardized administration: what are modifications?
Adjustments that do change the standardized administration Example: rewording, repetitions
50
What is HIPAA?
Health insurance portability and accountability act Protect patient's health information
51
Who dictates the code of ethics for SLPs? What is part of the code?
ASHA Integrity, competence, continued learning, fight against prejudices and biases, best interest of clients always kept in mind
52
What is case history?
Starting point for evaluation Completed by the caregiver/client and reviewed by the clinician prior to services
53
What limits the value of case history?
Terminology on the forms, rushed responses, elapsed time between onset and evaluation, life events/circumstances, cultural differences
54
What is the intake interview?
Conducted with client/caregiver at start of eval/assessment
55
What types of questions are used during the intake interview?
Closed-ended: answered with yes/no Open-ended: get short and direct responses
56
As part of the intake process, clinicians obtain information from other professionals. What does this mean?
Getting notes and health history from other SLPs, AuD, physicians, dentists, educators, etc. Need written auth for this
57
Why is information from other healthcare professionals important?
Helps with further understanding about the issues a client is presenting with

540 Diagnostic Assessment & Treatment Planning (8 decks)

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