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Chemistry > Foundations In Chemistry > Flashcards

Foundations In Chemistry Flashcards

(I) Atomic structure (II) Quantitative chemistry: formulae, equations, amount of substance and the mole (III) Reactions of acids (IV) Oxidation number and redox reactions (V) Bonding and structure.

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1
Q

What are the sub particles of an atom?

A

Protons, Electrons, Neutrons

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2
Q

What are the charges on the sub particles?

A

Protons- Positive (+)
Electrons- Negative (-)
Neutrons- Neutral

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3
Q

Where are they found in an atom?

A

Protons - In the nucleus
Electrons - On shells that are orbiting the nucleus
Neutrons- In the nucleus

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4
Q

What is the overall charge of the nucleus?

A

Positive because it has protons

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5
Q

What is the overall charge of an atom?

A

An atom is neutral because it has the same number of protons and neutrons

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6
Q

What is the Atomic number(Z) of an element?

A

It is the number of protons in an atom

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7
Q

What is the Mass number (A) of an element?

A

It is the proton number (Z) + the neutron number (N) in the nucleus of an atom

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8
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons and different mass numbers

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9
Q

What is the relative isotopic mass of an element?

A

It is the mass of an atom of an isotope compared with 1/12th of an atom of carbon

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10
Q

What is the relative atomic mass of an element?

A

It is the weighted mean mass compared with 1/12th mass of carbon-12

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11
Q

Equation to calculate Ar

A

sum of (isotopic abundance * isotopic mass number) ➗ 100

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12
Q

Formula and charges on some complex ions
LEARN THESE

A

Nitrate - NO3
Sulphate - SO3
Carbonate - CO3
Ammonium - NH4
Hydroxide - OH-

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13
Q

What is a mole?

A

A mole contains 6.02 x10^23 atoms, ions or molecules as there are in exactly 12g of carbon-12

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14
Q

What is Molar Mass?

A

It is the Mass of one mole of a substance. Its units are g/mol^-1

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15
Q

Formula for calculating moles

A

Moles= mass/Mr

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16
Q

Formula for measuring concentration

A

Concentration=moles/volume

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17
Q

Units for concentration

A

mol/dm^3

18
Q

What is the Molar gas volume?

A

One mole of any gas at room temperature and pressure has a volume of 24dm^3

19
Q

Equation for calculating moles with Molar gas volume

A

Moles=volume given/Molar gas volume (dm^3)

20
Q

What does a volume of a gas depend on?

A

The pressure applied to the gas
The temperature of the gas
Number of moles of a gas

21
Q

What is the ideal gas equation?

A

pV=nRT where;
p=Pressure (Pa)
V= Volume (m^3)
n= number of moles
R=ideal gas constant
T= temperature(K)

22
Q

What is an acid?

A

A species that can donate protons (H+ ions)

23
Q

What is a base?

A

A species that can accept protons (via lone pair)

24
Q

What is an alkali?

A

It is a base that is soluble in water

25
Q

What are strong acids/bases?

A

They fully dissociate to release H+ ions in aqueous solutions

26
Q

What are weak acids/base?

A

They do not fully dissociate to release their ions in aqueous solutions

27
Q

Examples of common acids

A

HCl- Hydrochloric acid
H2SO4- Sulphuric acid
HNO3- Nitric acid
CH3COOH- Ethanoic acid

28
Q

Examples of common alkalis

A

Sodium hydroxide- NaOH
Potassium hydroxide- KOH
Ammonia- NH3

29
Q

Reaction of acid with alkali

A

Acid + Alkali - Salt + Water

30
Q

Reaction of acid with metal oxide

A

Acid + Metal oxide - salt + water

31
Q

Reaction of acid with metal hydroxide

A

Acid + metal hydroxide - salt + water

32
Q

Reaction of acid with metal carbonate

A

Acid + metal carbonate- salt + water + Carbon dioxide

33
Q

Reaction of acid with metals

A

Acid + metals - Salt + hydrogen

34
Q

What is an atomic orbital?

A

It is a region around the nucleus that can hold up to 2 electrons with opposite spins

35
Q

What are the 4 subshells?

A

S,P,D and F

36
Q

What is the shape of the s subshell?

A

Spherical

37
Q

What is the shape of the p subshell?

A

dumbbell shaped

38
Q

How many orbital does the s subshell have?

A

1

39
Q
A
39
Q

How many orbital does the d subshell have?

A

5

40
Q

How many orbital does the f subshell have?

A

7

41
Q
A

Chemistry (3 decks)

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