Foundations Flashcards
What processes can occur due to cultural contact
Acculturation
Assimilation
Biculturalism
Cultural Accommodations
Acculturation
process through which a person or group from one culture adopts the practices and values of another culture, while still retaining their own distinct culture.
A minority group adopts elements of majority cultures, as is typical with immigrant groups in the place to which they have immigrated.
Acculturation is a two-way process
Assimilation
one-way process in which a person or group adopts a new culture that almost completely replaces the original culture. Assimilation can be the eventual outcome of the acculturation process.
Biculturalism
presence of at least two distinct cultures in a specific area or region
Cultural accommodation
when the majority culture lives in harmony with a minority culture, as each accepts and allows the other to retain its cultural identity
When first arriving to a new country, it’s common to experience
culture shock. Symptoms include boredom, withdrawal, increased sleep, irritation, and feelings of isolation or helplessness.
Four stages of culture shock
- Honeymoon stage
- Frustration stage
- Adjustment stage
- Acceptance stage
Honeymoon stage
travelers become infatuated with the language, people, and food in their new surroundings. They are happy and excited about the adventure.
Frustration stage
Fatigue of not understanding gestures, signs, and the language sets in and miscommunications may happen. Travelers begin to feel homesick
Adjustment stage
Travelers begin to feel more familiar and comfortable with the cultures, people, food, and languages of new environments. They have made some friends and support communities.
Acceptance stage
Travelers feel more confident in the new country and have established a routine in which they feel familiar
An effective teacher recognizes how _____ affects students and their learning
culture contact
First step to helping bilingual students be ready for learning
creating a welcoming learning environment
How to anchor bilingual students
provide books, artwork, and other items that reflect the culture the child knows
Bilingual alphabet
uses items from the children’s culture along with items from current school.
Learn that in any language there are regional variations. Children should not feel embarrassed by terms that are used at home, but children need to know when it is appropriate to use those terms
Connecting with families of ELLs
personal relationships with parents help to build a sense of trust. It’s important to have a clear way to communicate with parents, even if that requires a translator.
When interacting with parents, it is important to provide opportunities
for parents to learn more about the American education system, the school and the curriculum.
Best practices in bilingual education place value on
native language instruction
Research shows that the best indicator of success for bilingual child in secondary grades is
the number of years of instruction provided in the native language during elementary schooling. They can even exceep the performance of their monolingual peers.
Rubrics that are explicit in what needs to be present in a student product are helpful and are
more likely to lead to success.
Multi-disciplinary word walls.
strategy for developing vocabulary especially focusing on words with multiple meanings. Table of contents. Table of elements.
corresponding words in L1 add another dimension because each language has its own set of words that have multiple meanings
key in creating a positive multicultural class environment
respect
tips for fostering a positive multicultural classroom
- discuss cultural diversity. It is not a secret and students would have the opportunity to share their own culture and learn about others too
- it is important to remember that cultural identity levels vary among individuals that live in a culture from their own heritage. Students go through the acculturation process at different rates, and that’s ok.
- teachers should help students see the benefits of biculturalism and bilingualism in their lives
- teachers can help students find connections by bringing photos, music, maps, and tangible objects into the classroom. Objects can spark memories and act as invitations to share stories and help them learn about each other.
In a culturally responsive learning environment, differences
are viewed as assets. high expectations are placed on all students
Promote culturally responsive reading instruction by
exposing students to a diverse selection of texts, written by a variety of different authors, in different genres and styles
Texts should reflect the diversity of the classroom and school communities. Have a variety of characters that exhibit diversity in:
- race and ethnicity
-gender
-socioeconomic status
-ability
-age
-national origin
Ideally, each student should be able to see
themselves in addition to those completely different than themselves represented in the texts they read.
For Ells, books about their home country are beneficial because
students see familiar information that can make them feel comfortable and ready to learn. They can also connect prior experiences to new ones.
One effective practice is to select texts with
universal themes, which are common to most cultures, such as love, courage, friendship, and good triumphing over evil.
_____ tend to have universal themes, making them well-suited for students in a multicultural classroom.
Folktales
Diversity?
What cultures are present?
Does the identity or experience of this text’s author or characters in the story support the inclusion of diverse voices in the curriculum?
Deliberately choose a variety of texts that allow students to explore both their own and other cultures through reading
Cultural sensitivity?
How would people from different cultures react to this text?
Do you have any concerns about generalizations, stereotypes, or misrepresentations in the text?
Appropriateness?
is this text appropriate for these students’ culture and age level?
What is the historical, social, or cultural context in which this text was written?
Culturally responsive text functions as both
a mirror and a window.
Culturally responsive text functions as a mirror becasue
it reflects students’ identities, experiences, and motivations.
Culturally responsive text functions as a window because
it provides insight into the identities, experiences, and motivations of others.
Having multiple cultures represented in the classroom is an
enriching experience and a learning opportunity for all.
