Foundation

Question 1

Muscles Cells (fibers)

Answer 1

Produce contractions (shorten in length) that result in movements, maintain posture, produce changes in shape, or move fluids through hollow tissues or organs.

Question 2

There are 3 types of muscles:

Answer 2

Skeletal muscle
Cardiac or heart muscle
Smooth muscle

Question 3

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 3

Muscles involved in movement of the body (on the skeleton);
Striated;
Are voluntary in movement.

Question 4

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 4

Muscle of the heart;
Striated;
Are involuntary in action.

Question 5

Smooth Muscle

Answer 5

Muscles of most organs in the body;
Spindle-shaped (em forma de fuso);
Are involuntary in action.

Question 6

Briefly describe the process by which the muscle contracts:

Answer 6

Sliding filament model of muscle control Muscles are made up of thick and thin filaments
Thick filaments: made up of myosin
Thin filaments: made up of actin
The myosin forms a chemical bond with the actin, creating a cross bridge. After forming this cross bridge, the myosin does a power stroke, which releases the ADP and P that are attached to it. After these are released, ATP binds to the myosin, which causes it to release the actin. After the actin is released, ATP is split into ADP and P. The energy released resets the myosin head into the original position.

Question 7

Describe the differences between tendons and ligaments in structure and function:

Answer 7

Tendons: attached muscle to bone, or bones to other structures. These aid in the movement of the muscles/bone
Ligaments: attached bones to bones. It helps to keep everything in place and is not related to movement