Foucault

Question 1

*Traditional Forms of Power

Answer 1

1. Power of Exclusion
2. Power of Spectacle
3. Power of Inquisition

Question 2

Power of Exclusion

Answer 2

Examples:

• City walls, imprisonment (physically and socially)
• Imprisonment in a dungeon
• Confinement

What does it do?

• Allows the person to feel alienated from society and feel excluded
• Makes them feel different from others

Question 3

Power of Spectacle

Answer 3

Examples:

• King’s Vestments (Crowns, jewels)
• Public execution

What does it do?
- Shows control and authority

• Someone with riches and looks of authority = power
• Someone in a dungeon = no power

Question 4

Power of Inquisition

Answer 4

Examples:

• Investigation
• Torture
• Confession

Question 5

Panopticon Prison

Answer 5

Like a circle with a tower in the middle; guards watch surrounding prisoners along the outside circle from the middle from all angles.

Question 6

*Panopticism - Four Features of its Disciplinary Power

Answer 6

Fixing Individuals in Place, Segmenting Space, Observing every Point, Recording every Event

1. Discipline fixes individuals in place (enforces binary divisions by power of exclusion, eg. confinement)
2. Discipline segments space (by separating prisoners counteracts masses and unions by individualizing them)
3. Discipline observes every point (prison is in the middle is to show prisoners they are not in power and are being watched at all times)
4. Discipline records every event (observes and forms scientific knowledge of individuals)

Question 7

*“Positive” Discipline

Answer 7

Differentiation and coordination of capacities, hierarchy. Efficient and rational, but non-democratic.

When used to increase utility.

• Making sums more useful based on capacities (soldiers)
• Division of Labour: having separate jobs of the same end goal creates disciplinary power

Question 8

*Internalization of Power as Rehabilitation

Answer 8

Conscious of visibility ensures automatic functioning of power. Inmates become the bearers of the very power under which they are held.

• Trained to exercise power on yourself, act as if you are being watched.

Treats rehabilitation as internalization of power; psychological technique of coercion (citizens thinking they are being watched at all times)