Formulations

Question 1

Transdermal Administration

• matrix transdermal patch
• Ex: Rotigotine (Neupro ®) (PD)

Answer 1

1. Application of the patch once a day, same time daily
2. patch is 24hrs
   - change next day at diff site
   - abdomen, thigh, hip, shoulder, arm

• slow release / long lasting
• avoids hepatic first pass metabolism
• can be removed quickly in case of s/e

Question 2

FGA Mechanism of Action

• dopamine antagonist in the brain

Answer 2

FGA’s block dopamine D2 receptors in the limbic system
- this antagonism reduces dopamine excitability that underlies positive symptoms

• they target positive symptoms of schizo
• also blocks the nigro-stiatal pathway which causes its extra-pyramidal s/e

Question 3

SGA Mechanism of Action

Answer 3

has less affinity for D2 than FGA’s which reduces their EPS

• have some affinity for blocking 5-HT2a receptors

Question 4

SSRI Chemistry

• How does it bind to SERT

Answer 4

• halogen group in SSRI’s has affinity for the SERT
• thats why it is selective to SERT
• blocking SERT allows increased serotonin in synaptic cleft to improve mood

Question 5

Stimulant Drugs That Cause Dopamine Tolerance

• cannabis
• amphetamines
• nicotine

Answer 5

• causes sensitisation at the start making you drug seek for the next fix
• eventually it will lead to tolerance making you take more and more to get the same affect you used to get

Question 6

Depressant Drugs That Cause CNS Tolerance

• BDZ’s
• alcohol
• barbituates

Question 7

Korsakoff Syndrome

Answer 7

• irreversible damage caused to brain regions due to thiamine deficiency
• need thiamine supplements long term
• impaired executive function , memory loss etc

Question 8

Alcohol Effects

Answer 8

• sleep disturbance from diuresis
• nausea , headache (from acetaldehyde build-up)

genetic variation in far east pop
- inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase so small amounts of alcohol leads to