Formulations

Question 1

Tablets

Answer 1

Hard formulations in which the drug and other ingredients are machine compressed under high pressure into a shape. most are for oral use

Question 2

Capsules

Answer 2

Contains the drug and other ingredients packaged into a gelatin shell

Question 3

Bulk powders

Answer 3

Contains the active drug in a small powder paper or foil envelope. the patient empties the envelope directly onto the back of their tongue and wash it down with a beverage or mixes it into said drink

Question 4

Solutions

Answer 4

A clear non colorless liquid made up of one or more ingredients dissolved in a solvent

Question 5

Aqeueos solution

Answer 5

Most common kind of oral solution. aqueous means that water was used as the solvent

Question 6

Nonaqeuos solution

Answer 6

Solutions that are predominantly contains solvents other than water, either alone or in addition to water. Only a few nonaqeous solvents such as glycerin, alcohol, and propylene glycol can be used in oral solutions

Question 7

Syrups

Answer 7

Concentrated or nearly saturated solutions of sucrose in water. They are thicker than water and contain less than 10% alcohol. Contain flavoring agents

Question 8

Elixirs

Answer 8

Clear, sweetened, hydro alcoholic liquids intended for oral use. can contain either alcohol soluble or water soluble drugs. elixirs are usually less sweet and less viscous than syrups and less effective in masking taste. their alcohol content ranges from 5-40% (10-80 proof)

Question 9

Spirits/Essences

Answer 9

Alcoholic or hydro alcoholic solutions of volatile substances (usually volatile oils) with alcohol contents ranging from 62-85% (124-170 proof). mostly used as flavoring agents but some spirits are used for their medicinal effects

Question 10

Tinctures

Answer 10

Alcoholic or hydro alcoholic solutions of nonvolatile substances. tinctures of potent drugs contain 10g of the drug in each 100mL of tincture: they are called 10% tincture. nonpotent tinctures generally have 20g per 100mL of tincture and are called 20% tinctures

Question 11

Suspensions

Answer 11

Formulations in which the drug does not completely dissolve in the solvent. the drug particles are suspended in the formulation. The primary concern when formulating suspensions is their tendency to settle over time leading to a lack of dose uniformity with a well formulated suspension either remaining suspended or settling very slowly and can be easily dispersed by shaking

Question 12

Emulsions

Answer 12

Mixture of two liquids in which one liquid is dispersed through the other by mixing and using a stabilizer called an emulsifier

Question 13

Gels

Answer 13

Made using substances called gelling agents which increase the viscosity of the medium in which they are placed and are most often added as an ingredient to liquid formulations

Question 14

Suppositories

Answer 14

Semisolid dosage forms that dissolve or melt when inserted into the rectum

Question 15

Intravenous

Answer 15

IV injections may be large volumes, slow infusion aqueous solutions or small volume single injections

Question 16

Subcutaneous

Answer 16

SC injections generally provide slower absorption compared to IM administration but faster absorption than oral administration

Question 17

Intramuscular

Answer 17

IM injections generally result in a slower onset but longer duration of action compared to IV administration

Question 18

Intradermal

Answer 18

ID injections are administered into the top layer of skin at a slight angle using short needles

Question 19

Syringes

Answer 19

used to inject formulations over a short period of time with the needle size being dependent on route of administration

Question 20

Infusion

Answer 20

A gradual intravenous injection of a large volume of fluid (500mL to 1,000mL)

Question 21

Z track injection

Answer 21

A technique used for medications which stain the skin or irritate tissues. wherein the skin is pulled to one side prior to injection the n the needle is inserted and the injection is preformed once the needle is removed the skin is released so that the injection points in the skin and muscle are no longer aligned thereby preventing the drug from entering the SC tissue and staining or irritating the skin. Z track injection is generally done 2 to 3 inched deep

Question 22

Ointments

Answer 22

Contain drugs incorporated into a base

Question 23

Creams

Answer 23

Semisolid emulsions which are less viscous and softer in texture than ointments with the added feature that they disappear with rubbing

Question 24

Lotions

Answer 24

Suspensions of solid drugs in an aqueous vehicle

Question 25

Pastes

Answer 25

Used for their protective action and for their ability to absorb secretions from skin lesions. Contains more solid matter than ointments and are stiffer and less penetrating

Question 26

Plasters

Answer 26

Solid or semisolid adhesive masses which are spread on a suitable backing material and provide prolonged contact at site of application

Question 27

Medicated dermal powders

Answer 27

A mixture of drug and an inert base with different dusting and covering capability