Formulating and testing hypotheses Flashcards
1
Q
What’s the null hypothesis?
A
- there is no relationship between two things
- implicit and unstated
2
Q
What is the alternative hypothesis to the null hypothesis?
A
- that there is a difference between two things
- explicitly stated
- one aims to reject the null to support the alternative with evidence
3
Q
What is a hypothesis?
A
- predict how dependent and independent variables relate
- if…then statements
- should be stated in terms of concepts, not operational definitions
4
Q
What is a directional hypothesis?
A
predicts a specific directional difference, such as positive/negative and higher/lower
5
Q
What is a non-directional hypothesis?
A
predicts only a difference with no specific direction
6
Q
What are directional hypotheses tested with?
A
one-tailed T-test
7
Q
What are non-directional hypotheses tested with?
A
two-tailed t-test
8
Q
What is the Tilsik Method of testing hypotheses?
A
- pre-registered experiment
- development and pre-testing of stimulus materials
- online prolific sample
- steps to decrease “demand effects” (deception, between subject designs, manipulation checks)
9
Q
What is Tilsik’s study about (2021)?
A
- argues that the theory of statistical discrimination can also influence how decision makers view and justify stereotypes and discrimination
- statistical discrimination theory is a way of explaining employer behaviour in labour markets
10
Q
What were the results of Tilsik’s study?
A
- exposure to statistical discrimination theory increased participants’ belief in accuracy of stereotypes, acceptance of stereotyping, extent to which they discriminate against female applicants in simulation
- reading a critical commentary reduced these effects
11
Q
What methods were used in Tilsik’s study?
A
- survey experiment
- sample of 2000+ with managerial experience
- recruited from online platform
- random assignment to control group, critique group, theory + critique group, theory group
