Factorial designs Flashcards
What is a factor?
independent variable that’s manipulated
What’s a single factor design?
true experiment with only one factor
What are levels?
discrete levels of a factor
What is a factorial design?
- involves multiple factors manipulating more than one independent variable at a time
- allows for observation of independent variables separately and combined (diet and exercice)
- most basic: 2 way design > 2x2 > 2 factors with 2 levels each
What are main effects?
when levels in one factor alone cause changes in outcome variable
What is an interaction effect?
when the effect of one factor changes depending on the outcome of another factor
What is between subject design?
- each subject receives only one treatment
- simplest: single factor design with 2 groups > treatment and control
- mitigates carry-over effects
What are carry-over effects?
where subjects’ participation in more than one group may taint results because they have already seen a treatment
What is a drawback of between subject design?
requires lots of subjects because each group must get different treatment
What is within-subject design?
- subjects receive all treatments in the experiment
- most efficient type as it requires fewest number of subjects
What are disadvantages of within subject designs?
- can’t be used if carry-over effects are likely
- requires researchers to create more stimuli
- demand characteristics
- takes long time
What are incomplete factorials?
where not all combinations of factors are tested because they don’t make theoretical/practical sense
What are mixed factorial designs?
- combo of between subject design and within subject design
What was Claeys and Cauberghe’s (2014) study about?
impact of nonverbal expressions of power by organisational spokespersons during diff crises
