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Physics > Formulas To Learn > Flashcards

Formulas To Learn Flashcards

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Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

Speed

A

s = d/t

ms-1 = m/s

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2
Q

Acceleration

A

a = v-u/t

ms-2 = ms-1/s

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3
Q

Force

A

f = m x a

N = kg x ms-2

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4
Q

Momentum

A

p = m x v

Kgms-1 = kg x ms-1

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5
Q

Weight

A

w = m x g

N = kg x ms-2

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6
Q

Moment

A

m = F x d

Nm = N x m

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7
Q

Work Done

A

W = F x d

J = N x m

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8
Q

Gravitational Potential Energy

A

GPE = m x g x h

J = kg x ms-1 x m

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9
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

KE = 1/2 x m x v2

J = 1/2 x kg x (ms-1)2

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10
Q

Charge

A

Q = I x t

C = A x s

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11
Q

Electrical Power

A

P = I x V

W = A x V

P = I2 x R
P = V2/R
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12
Q

Potential Difference

A

V = I x R

V = A x Ohms

Energy = PD or EMF x charge

J = V x C

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13
Q

Wave Speed

A

v = f x λ

ms-1 = Hz x m

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14
Q

Refractive Index

A

n = sin(i)/sin(r)

n1sinx2 = n2sinx2

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15
Q

Critical Angle

A

Sin(c) = n of material it’s going to / n of material it’s coming from

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16
Q

Density

A

P = m/v

Kgm-3 = kg/m3

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17
Q

Pressure

A

P = F/A

Pa = N/m3

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18
Q

Pressure Difference

A

P = k x P x g

Pa = m x kgm-3 x ms-2

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19
Q

Potential Difference/ Turns in electromagnet

A

Input (primary) voltage / output (secondary) voltage = Primary Turns / Secondary Turns

Vp/Vs = Np/Ns

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20
Q

Power in Electromagnets

A

Input Power = Output Power

Vp x Ip = Vs x Is

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21
Q

Drift Velocity

A

I = nAve

A = n x m2 x ms-1 x 1.6x10-19C

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22
Q

Potential Divider

A

1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2

ohms

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23
Q

Resistivity

A

P (tilted to the right) = RA/L

ohm metre = ohm x metre/length

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24
Q

Internal Resistance

A 
E = I(R + r)
v = A(Ohm + Ohm)
V = E - Ir
V = V -A x Ohm
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25
Q

Energy Transferred

A

W = V x I x t

J = V x A x s

W = P x t

J = W x s

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26
Q

Kilowatt Hour

A

kWh = Power of device x time for which device was on

kWh (J) = kW x h

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27
Q

Frequency

A

F = 1/Time Period

Hz = 1/s

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28
Q

Intensity

A

I = P/A

W m^-2 = W/m^2

I1/I2 = A1^2 / A2^2

M

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29
Q

Slit Spacing etc 1

A

Wavelength = ax/D

M = slit spacing, m x fringe spacing, m / distance from slit to screen, m

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30
Q

Slit spacing etc 2

A

D x sin0 = n x wavelength

Slit spacing, m x angle to normal from max. = order of max. x wavelength, m

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31
Q

Energy of photon

A

E = h f

J = Js x Hz

E = h c / wavelength

J = Js x ms-1 / m

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32
Q

Power

A

P = work done / time

P = force x velocity

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33
Q

Threshold Voltage

A

eV0 = h c / wavelength

34
Q

Work function

A

h f = work function x max kinetic energy

Js x Hz = J x J

35
Q

Threshold Frequency

A

h f0 = work function

Js x Hz = J

36
Q

De Broglie Wavelength

A

Wavelength = h/ m v

M = Js / kg x ms-1

37
Q

Suvat equations

A 
V = u + at
V^2 = u^2 + 2as
S = ut+ 1/2at^2
S = vt - 1/2at^2
S= 1/2(u+v)t
38
Q

Torque

A 
T = Fd
Nm = N x m
39
Q

Upthrust

A

(h2 - h1) x density x g x surface area

40
Q

Force in a spring

A

F = k x extension

41
Q

K in springs in series

A

1/k = 1/k1 + 1/k2

42
Q

Impulse

A

I = F x t

I = m(v - u)

43
Q

Stress

A

force / area

Nm^-1

44
Q

Strain

A

Extension / length

45
Q

Young Modulus

A

Stress / strain

FL/Ax

46
Q

Lost volts

A

V = I x r (internal resistance)

47
Q

Elastic potential energy

A 
E = 0.5 F x
E = 0.5 k x^2
48
Q

Angular Velocity

A

Angle/time

(2x pi)/Time period

2 x pi x frequency

Rads to rpm: (rads x 2 x pi) / 60

49
Q

Linear Velocity

A

Angular velocity x radius

50
Q

Centripetal Acceleration

A

Linear velocity ^ 2 / radius

Angles velocity^2 x radius

51
Q

Centripetal Force

A

M x centripetal acceleration

52
Q

Newton’s Law of Gravitation

A

F = -GMm/r^2

53
Q

Gravitational Field Strength

A

Uniform: g = F/m
Radial: g = -GM/r^2

54
Q

Gravitational Potential

A

Vg = -GM/r

55
Q

Gravitational Potential Energy

A

Vg x mass

56
Q

Escape Velocity

A

Square root (2GM/r)

57
Q

Orbital Speed

A

Square root (GM/r)

58
Q

Orbital Period^2

A

(4pi^2/GM)r^3

59
Q

Specific Heat Capacity

A

Energy = mass x specific heat capacity (Jkg^-1K^-1) x change in temp

60
Q

Specific Latent Heat

A

Energy = mass x specific latent heat (Jkg^-1)

61
Q

Ideal Gas Equations

A

No particles = no moles x Avogadro’s Constant (k)

pressure x volume = no moles x molar gas constant (R) x temp

pV = NkT

pV = 1/3 x no particles x mean square speed x mass

62
Q

Energy of Ideal Gas

A

KE = 3/2 x k x T

Internal Energy = 3/2 x N x k x T

63
Q

Similar Harmonic Motion- how are x, v and a connected

A

X + pi/2 = v

V + pi/2 = a

a + pi = x

Differentiate down (s, v , a)

64
Q

Similar Harmonic Motion- x when timing starts at centre of oscillation / Max amplitude

A

Sin / cos

65
Q

Similar Harmonic Motion- force constant

A

K = (T/2pi)^2 x m

66
Q

Molar mass

A

= no of molecules x Na

= mass x Na

67
Q

Electric field strength

A

F/Q

Q/4 pi E0 r^2

V/d

68
Q

Force (electric field)

A

Qq/4 Pi E0 r^2

69
Q

Electrical potential

A

Q/4 pi E0 r

70
Q

Electric Potential energy

A

VQ

71
Q

Parallax

A

P (in arc seconds) = 1/distance (in parsecs)

72
Q

Weins Law

A

Wavelength = 2.9x10^-3/temperature

73
Q

Stefans Law

A

Luminosity = 4pi r^2 stefans constant T^4

74
Q

Change in wavelength, change in frequency

A

Change in wavelength/ wavelength = change in frequency /frequency = v/c

75
Q

Capacitance

A

Farad= coulomb/volts

76
Q

Energy in a capacitor

A

W = 0.5 QV
=0.5 V^2C
=0.5 Q^2/C

77
Q

Capacitance in series and parallel

A

1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2 etc

C = C1 + C2 etc

78
Q

Charging capacitor

A

Q or V = Q0 or V0 (1-e^(-t/Rc))

I = I0e^(-t/RC)

79
Q

Discharging capacitor

A

I = I0e^(-t/RC) (Same for Q / V)

80
Q

Time constant (capacitor)

A

= RC

Physics (18 decks)

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