Formulas Day 2

Question 1

Orsat Analysis: CO2

Answer 1

KOH solution

Question 2

Orsat Analysis: O2

Answer 2

pyrogallol (benzene-1,2,3-triol)

Question 3

Orsat Analysis: CO

Answer 3

cuprous chloride

Question 4

O2, theoretical

Answer 4

O2, theo = C + H/4 + S - O2

Question 5

O2, free

Answer 5

O2, free = O2, xs + CO/2 + H2/2

Question 6

Octane number

Answer 6

in terms of volume:
C8H18/ (C8H18 + C7H16)

Question 7

Cetane number

Answer 7

in terms of volume:
C16H34/(C16H34+C11H10)

Question 8

Dulong Equation (GCV or HHV)

Answer 8

GCV = 0.338 C + 1.44 (net H) + 0.094 S

Question 9

Calderwood Equation

Answer 9

C = 5.88 + 2.206 (GCV - 0.094 S) + 0.053 |80 - 100*(VCM/FC)|^1.55

Question 10

Dulong Equation (NCV or LHV)

Answer 10

NCV = GCV - 0.212 H - 0.0245 M - 0.00080

Question 11

Combustibles in refuse: uncoked coal

Answer 11

(VCM/FC) coal = (VCM/FC) refuse
%VCM lost = % C lost = % GCV lost

Question 12

Combustibles in refuse: coked coal

Answer 12

(VCM) refuse = 0

Question 12

Combustibles in refuse: combination

Answer 12

(VCM/FC) coal > (VCM/FC) refuse
% VCM lost = % net H lost = %CW lost

Question 13

Heating value for Gaseous Fuels

Answer 13

HHV = LHV + (nH2O, prod/ n,fuel burned)*(Δ°Hvap,water)

Question 14

Tiller-Tour Equation (for Leaching)

Answer 14

N-1 = log [(x1-y2)/(xn-y_n+1)] / log [(x1-xn)/(y2-y_n+1)]

y2 = (L/V)(x1-xn) + y_n+1

Question 15

Solute in Raffinate (LLE) for n stages

Answer 15

A_Rn = A_F [B/ (kS + B)]^n

Question 16

Raoult’s Law

Answer 16

Pi = Pi° xi = P yi

Question 17

Dalton’s Law

Answer 17

P = sum (Pi) = sum (Pi° xi)

Question 18

Relative volatility

Answer 18

α_AB = [yA (1-xA)] / [xA (1-yA)]

Question 19

Batch distillation: Rayleigh Equation

Answer 19

ln (A1/A2) = α ln (B1/B2)

use feed and bottoms

Question 20

Flash Distillation (Equilibrium Distillation)

Answer 20

y = - (1-f) x/f + xF/f

f = V/F

Question 21

Steam Distillation

Answer 21

nS / nB = (P - PB°) / (PB°)

Question 22

Simple Continuous Distillation (no reflux)

Answer 22

α = (Da/Ba) / (Bb/Db)

Question 23

Distillation with reflux: feed line

Answer 23

q = 1 + [Cp (Tb - Tf)] / λv

Question 24

Rectification: Minimum Reflux Ratio

Answer 24

Rmin / (Rmin + 1) = (xD - y’) / (xD-x’)

Question 25

Rectification: Fernske Equation

Answer 25

Nmin = log { [xD (1-xB)] / [xB (1 -xD)]} / log α_AB