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Physics > Formulas > Flashcards

Formulas Flashcards

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1
Q

Pressure

A

Pressure (Pa) = Force (N) / Area (m²)

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2
Q

Density

A

Density = Mass / Volume

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3
Q

Speed

A

Speed (m/s) = Distance (m) / time (s)

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4
Q

Velocity

A

Velocity (m/s) = Displacement (m) / time (s)

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5
Q

Acceleration

A

Acceleration (m/s²) = Velocity (m/s) / time (s)

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6
Q

Force

A

Force (N) = Mass (kg) * Acceleration (m/s²)

Force (N) = Mass (kg) * 9.8 m/s²

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7
Q

Gravitational field strength

A

Gravitational field strength (N/kg) = Weight (N) / Mass (kg)

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8
Q

Gravitational potential energy

A

Gravitational potential energy (J) = Mass (kg) * Gravity (9.8) * Height (m)

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9
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Kinetic energy (J) = ½ * Mass (kg) * [velocity (m/s) ]²

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10
Q

Pressure in liquids

A

Pressure in liquids (Pa) = Depth (m) * Density (kg/m³) * 9.8 N/kg (gravitational field strength)

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11
Q

Momentum

A

Momentum (kgm/s) = Mass (kg) * Velocity (m/s)

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12
Q

Impulse

A

Impulse (Ns) = Force (N) * Time (s)
Impulse (kgm/s) = Final momentum - Initial momentum

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13
Q

Work

A

Work (J) = Force (N) * Distance (m)
Work (J) = Change in Energy (J)

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14
Q

Power

A

Power (W) = Work (J) / Time (s)

Power (W) = Energy transferred (J) / Time (s)

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15
Q

Moment/turning force

A

Moment/turning force (Nm) = Force (N) * Distance perpendicular from pivot (m)

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16
Q

Energy efficiency

A

Energy efficiency (J) = (Useful energy output (J) / Energy input (J) ) * 100

17
Q

Spring Constant

A

Spring Constant (N/m) = Force (N) / Extension (m)

18
Q

Wave speed

A

Wave speed (m/s) = frequency (Hz) * Wavelength (m)

19
Q

Reflective angle law

A

Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection

20
Q

Refractive index

A

Refractive index = Speed of light in vacuum / speed of light in a substance

Refractive index = Sin (Angle of incidence) / Sin (Angle of reflection)

Refractive index = 1 / Sin (Critical angle)

21
Q

Critical angle

A

Critical angle = Sin-1 (1/ Refractive index)

22
Q

Current

A

Current (Amps) = Charge (Coulombs) / Time (seconds)

I = Q/t

Current (Amps) = Potential difference (Volts) / Resistance (ohms)

I = V/R
V = IR
23
Q

EMF

A

EMF (Volts) = Work done (J) / Charge (C)

24
Q

Power (electricity)

A

Power (W or J/s) = Current (Amps) * Potential difference (Volts)

Power (W or J/s) = Energy (J) / time (s)

P = IV
P = E/t
E/t = IV → E = IVt
P = IV, V = IR → P = I²R
I = V/R, P = IV → P = V²/R
25
Q

Energy (electricity)

A

Energy (J) = Power (Watt) * Time (s)

(bc P = E/t)

Energy (kWh) = P (kW) * Time (h)

26
Q

Series –> Voltage, current, resistance

A

(Series), Vtotal = V1 + V2 + V3
(Series) Itotal = I1 = I2 = I3
(Series) Rtotal = R1 + R2 + R3

27
Q

Parallel –> Voltage, current, resistance

A

(Parallel) Vtotal = V1 = V2 = V3
(Parallel) Itotal = I1 + I2 + I3
(Parallel) 1/Rtotal = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3

28
Q

. vs x

A

. = Coming out of the page
x = Going into the page

29
Q

Transformer formulas

A

Vp/Vs = Np/Ns

VpIp = VsIs

(Because power stays the same → Cannot be created or destroyed)

30
Q

Efficiency of transformers

A

Efficiency of transformers = Pout/ Pin = (IsVs / IpVp) * 100

31
Q

Beta particles

A

Beta particles = AZX → A+0Z+1Y + 0-1e

32
Q

Alpha particles

A

Alpha particles = XAZ → YA-4Z-2 + a42

33
Q

Gamma particles

A

Gamma particles = XAZ → YAZ + 00 Y

34
Q

Number of remaining nuclei (counts/s)

A

Number of remaining nuclei (counts/s) = Original amount (counts/s) / 2n

(n = number of halflife’s occurred)

35
Q

Specific heat capacity - Formula

A

Specific heat capacity = (Change in energy) / (Mass * Change in temperature)

Energy (Joules
Mass (Kg)
Temperature (degrees Celsius or Kelvin)

Units of specific heat capacity = J/(kgK) or J/(KgC)

36
Q

Hubble constant

A

Hubble constant (H0) is the ratio of an objects speed in which it is moving away from earth, to its distance from earth.

H0 = v/d

v - receding speed (m/s)
d - distance from earth (m)

The numerical value of the hubble constant is 2.2 * 10⁻¹⁸ per second.

(applies to all galaxies measured + can therefore be used to estimate the age of the universe)

37
Q

How it the age of the universe estimated?

A

H0 = v/d

v = d/t –> t = d/v

–> 1/H0 = d/v = t

t = 1/ (2.2*10⁻¹⁸) = 4.5 *10¹⁷ seconds = 14 billion years

Physics (8 decks)

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