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chemistry paper 1 > formulae and amounts (2) > Flashcards

formulae and amounts (2) Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a mole

A

amount of chemical species found in 12g of carbon 12

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2
Q

what is Avogadros constant

A

the number of atoms in exactly 12g of carbon 12

(6.02 x 10^23 mol-1)

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3
Q

what is molar mass

A

mass of one mole of the substance expressed in gmol-1

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4
Q

what is empirical formula

A

smallest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

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5
Q

what is molecular formula

A

the actual number of atoms of each element in a compound

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6
Q

what is a spectator ion

A

ions that do not take part in the reaction

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7
Q

what does ‘hydrated’ mean

A

a compound that has molecules of water of crystallisation

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8
Q

what is a solution

A

solvent (dissolves solute)

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9
Q

what is a standard solution

A

the one with accurately known concentration

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10
Q

what is mass concentration

A

mass of solute per volume of solution
(gdm-3)

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11
Q

what is molar concentration

A

moles of solute per volume of solution (moldm-3)

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12
Q

what is primary standard

A

a substance used for preparation of a standard solution by weighing

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13
Q

what is Avogadros law

A

provided the conditions of temperature and pressure are the same, equal volume of gases contain the same number of molecules

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14
Q

what is molar volume

A

the volume of 1 mole of gas

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15
Q

what is a displacement reaction

A

more reactive element reacts to take the place of less reactive element in a compound

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16
Q

what is a precipitation reaction

A

one that produces an insoluble solid

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17
Q

what is an error

A

a discrepancy between the value obtained in the experiment and an actual value

18
Q

what is precision

A

refers to how close to each other are the values obtained in an experiment

19
Q

what is accuracy

A

refers to how close the values are to the actual value

20
Q

what are concordant results

A

results that lie close to eachother
e.g titration +/- 0.10

21
Q

what is a margin of error

A

the range in which the true value of a measurement could lie
e.g burettes +/- 0.05

22
Q

what is a random error

A

they occur when conditions are varied in an unpredictable manner

23
Q

what is a systematic error

A

errors which are constant when you repeat an experiment. they usually are a result of the apparatus used

24
Q

what is the equation for percentage uncertainty

A

uncertainty/reading x100

25
Q

what is the equation for percentage yield

A

actual yield/theoretical yield x100

26
Q

equation for a mole of any substance

A

6.02x10^23 atoms/molecules

27
Q

equation for number of particles

A

Avogadros number x number of moles

28
Q

equation for moles

A

mass/Mr

29
Q

equation for conc (2)

A

mass/vol
moles/vol

30
Q

what do carbonates produce in acid base reaction

A

salt water and carbon dioxide

31
Q

how to use molar gas vol to work out moles

A

mol= vol/molar gas vol

32
Q

what is molar gas vol at standard temperature and pressure

A

22.4 (273K and 101.3KPa)

33
Q

what is molar gas vol at room temp

A

24 (293K + 101KPa)

34
Q

what is the ideal gas equation

A

pv= nRT

35
Q

steps for making standard solution in titration

A

1) weigh amount of solid precisely using mass balance and plastic weighing boat
2) transfer solid from boat to a beaker, wash any solid left behind into beaker using deionised water
3) dissolve solid fully using deionised water and stir with glass rod
4) transfer solution to volumetric flask, using funnel to avoid spillage and rinse the beaker and glass rod into flask to make sure it has all transferred
5) fill to graduation line with deionised water, use pipette when it gets close to top
6) invert flask a few times with lid on to ensure it is thoroughly mixed

36
Q

what colour is phenolphthalein indicator

A

colourless when acidic and pink when alkali

37
Q

what colour is methyl orange indicator

A

yellow when acidic and red when alkali

38
Q

what is equation for percentage error

A

uncertainty/reading x100

39
Q

how can you reduce errors

A

using more precise equipment
using larger volume of liquid

40
Q

what is atom economy equation

A

molecular mass of desired product/ molecular mass of all reactants x100

41
Q

why do companys prefer a high atom economy

A

-raw materials used more efficiently, more sustainable
-produce less waste so benefits environment
-less by-products so less time and money spent seperating these from desired product

chemistry paper 1 (7 decks)

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